Peringatan Keamanan

Patients experiencing an overdose may present with headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, dry mouth, difficulty in swallowing, dilated pupils, blurred vision, urinary retention, hot dry and flushed skin, tachycardia, hypertension, hypotension, respiratory depression, CNS stimulation, fever, ataxia, excitation, lethargy, stupor, coma, and paralysis.L31548,L31553 Patients should be treated with symptomatic and supportive therapy which may include emesis, gastric lavage, activated charcoal, artificial respiration, or intravenous physostigmine.A228423,L31548,L31553 Dialysis is expected to remove hyoscyamine sulfate from circulation.L31548,L31553

Hyoscyamine

DB00424

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Hyoscyamine is a tropane alkaloid and the levo-isomer of atropine.A228423 It is commonly extracted from plants in the Solanaceae or nightshade family.A228423 Research into the action of hyoscyamine in published literature dates back to 1826.A228713 Hyoscyamine is used for a wide variety of treatments and therapeutics due to its antimuscarinic properties.L31548,L31553

Although hyoscyamine is marketed in the United States, it is not FDA approved.L31548,L31553

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 289.3694
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The half life of hyoscyamine is 3.5 hours.[L31548,L31553]
Volume Distribusi -
Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Hyoscyamine is completely absorbed by sublingual and oral routes, though exact data regarding the Cmax, Tmax, and AUC are not readily available.L31548,L31553

Metabolisme

Hyoscyamine is largely unmetabolized, however a small amount is hydrolyzed into tropine and tropic acid.A228368,L31553

Rute Eliminasi

The majority of hyoscyamine is eliminated in the urine as the unmetabolized parent compound.L31548,L31553

Interaksi Makanan

2 Data
  • 1. Take before a meal. Take 30-60 minutes before a meal.
  • 2. Take separate from antacids. Take oral hyoscyamine before meals and antacids after meals.

Interaksi Obat

958 Data
Aclidinium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Aclidinium.
Mirabegron The risk or severity of urinary retention can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Mirabegron.
Potassium chloride The risk or severity of gastrointestinal ulceration can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Potassium chloride.
Pramlintide The risk or severity of reduced gastrointestinal motility can be increased when Pramlintide is combined with Hyoscyamine.
Secretin porcine The therapeutic efficacy of Secretin porcine can be decreased when used in combination with Hyoscyamine.
Tiotropium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Tiotropium.
Topiramate The risk or severity of hyperthermia and oligohydrosis can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Topiramate.
Umeclidinium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Umeclidinium.
Glycopyrronium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Glycopyrronium.
Magnesium oxide Magnesium oxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Hyoscyamine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Sodium bicarbonate Sodium bicarbonate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Hyoscyamine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Aluminum hydroxide Aluminum hydroxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Hyoscyamine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Calcium carbonate Calcium carbonate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Hyoscyamine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Magaldrate Magaldrate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Hyoscyamine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Hyoscyamine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Magnesium trisilicate Magnesium trisilicate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Hyoscyamine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Magnesium carbonate Magnesium carbonate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Hyoscyamine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Bismuth subnitrate Bismuth subnitrate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Hyoscyamine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Magnesium silicate Magnesium silicate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Hyoscyamine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Aluminium acetoacetate Aluminium acetoacetate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Hyoscyamine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Hydrotalcite Hydrotalcite can cause a decrease in the absorption of Hyoscyamine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Magnesium peroxide Magnesium peroxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Hyoscyamine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Almasilate Almasilate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Hyoscyamine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Aluminium glycinate Aluminium glycinate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Hyoscyamine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Aloglutamol Aloglutamol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Hyoscyamine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Calcium silicate Calcium silicate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Hyoscyamine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Aluminium phosphate Aluminium phosphate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Hyoscyamine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Botulinum toxin type A The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Glucagon Hyoscyamine may increase the gastrointestinal motility reducing activities of Glucagon.
Sulpiride Hyoscyamine may increase the anticholinergic activities of Sulpiride.
Botulinum toxin type B The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Botulinum toxin type B.
Eluxadoline The risk or severity of constipation can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Eluxadoline.
Ramosetron The risk or severity of constipation can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Ramosetron.
Naltrexone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Naltrexone.
Bezitramide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Bezitramide.
Tramadol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Tramadol.
Morphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Morphine.
Codeine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Codeine.
Hydromorphone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Hydromorphone.
Meperidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Meperidine.
Oxycodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Oxycodone.
Butorphanol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Butorphanol.
Dextropropoxyphene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Dextropropoxyphene.
Pentazocine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Pentazocine.
Sufentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Sufentanil.
Alfentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Alfentanil.
Fentanyl The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Fentanyl.
Nalbuphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Nalbuphine.
Levorphanol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Levorphanol.
Remifentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Remifentanil.
Buprenorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Buprenorphine.
Hydrocodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Hydrocodone.
Diphenoxylate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Diphenoxylate.
Oxymorphone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Oxymorphone.
Dezocine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Dezocine.
Methadyl acetate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Methadyl acetate.
Dihydroetorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Dihydroetorphine.
Diamorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Diamorphine.
Ethylmorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Ethylmorphine.
Etorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Etorphine.
Dextromoramide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Dextromoramide.
Desomorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Desomorphine.
Carfentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Carfentanil.
Dihydrocodeine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Alphacetylmethadol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Alphacetylmethadol.
Dihydromorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Dihydromorphine.
Tapentadol The risk or severity of urinary retention and constipation can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Tapentadol.
Ketobemidone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Ketobemidone.
DPDPE The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with DPDPE.
Lofentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Lofentanil.
Normethadone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Normethadone.
Piritramide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Piritramide.
Alphaprodine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Alphaprodine.
Nicomorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Nicomorphine.
Meptazinol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Meptazinol.
Phenoperidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Phenoperidine.
Phenazocine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Phenazocine.
Tilidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Tilidine.
Carfentanil, C-11 The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Carfentanil, C-11.
Methadone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Methadone.
Levacetylmethadol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Levacetylmethadol.
Benzhydrocodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Benzhydrocodone.
Naloxegol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Naloxegol.
Trospium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trospium is combined with Hyoscyamine.
Oxyphenonium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxyphenonium is combined with Hyoscyamine.
Metixene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Metixene is combined with Hyoscyamine.
Trihexyphenidyl The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Hyoscyamine.
Oxyphencyclimine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxyphencyclimine is combined with Hyoscyamine.
Procyclidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Procyclidine is combined with Hyoscyamine.
Methscopolamine bromide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Methscopolamine bromide.
Darifenacin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Darifenacin.
Tridihexethyl The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Tridihexethyl.
Anisotropine methylbromide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Anisotropine methylbromide.
Mecamylamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Mecamylamine.
Pirenzepine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Pirenzepine.
Homatropine methylbromide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Homatropine methylbromide.
Propantheline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Propantheline.
Dicyclomine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Dicyclomine.
Tropicamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Tropicamide.
Cycrimine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Cycrimine.

Target Protein

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 CHRM1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 CHRM5
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 CHRM2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 CHRM3
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 CHRM4
Adenylate cyclase type 1 ADCY1

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Jeffrey Kiel, H. Thomas, Emily Ware, Brady Ware, "Phenolic acid complexes of hyoscyamine and process for preparing the same." U.S. Patent US20060128637, issued June 15, 2006.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 4156705
    Evans WC, Ghani A, Treagust PG: Proceedings: Preliminary studies concerning the metabolism of hyoscine and hyoscyamine in the Solanaceae. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1974 Dec;26 Suppl:112P. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1974.tb10143.x.
  • PMID: 30813289
    Kohnen-Johannsen KL, Kayser O: Tropane Alkaloids: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Biosynthesis and Production. Molecules. 2019 Feb 22;24(4). pii: molecules24040796. doi: 10.3390/molecules24040796.
  • PMID: 32491473
    Naji A, Gatling JW: Muscarinic Antagonists .
  • PMID: 18217788
    Cheshire WP, Fealey RD: Drug-induced hyperhidrosis and hypohidrosis: incidence, prevention and management. Drug Saf. 2008;31(2):109-26. doi: 10.2165/00002018-200831020-00002.
  • PMID: 22222703
    Mitchelson F: Muscarinic receptor agonists and antagonists: effects on ocular function. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2012;(208):263-98. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-23274-9_12.
  • PMID: 30332050
    Reisinger F: On the Effects of Hyoscyamine and Atropia. Edinb Med Surg J. 1826 Oct 1;26(89):276-279.

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