Peringatan Keamanan

The oral LD50 is >1040 mg/kg in rats. Nausea, vomiting, black hairy tongue, and epigastric distress are common reactions to oral penicillins.label In rare cases, neuromuscular sensitivity and seizures may be seen with antibiotics and supportive treatments are advised and further drug absorption should be limited through induced emesis or gastric lavage, followed by administration of activated charcoal.L6418 Severe hypersensitivity reactions, often leading to death, have been reported with penicillin therapies.label Although phenoxymethylpenicillin was shown to be excreted in human breast milk, the use of this drug in pregnant or nursing women is regarded generally safe.L6415

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

DB00417

small molecule approved vet_approved

Deskripsi

Phenoxymethylpenicillin is a narrow spectrum antibiotic also commonly referred to as Penicillin V or Penicillin VK.A178609 It is a phenoxymethyl analog of Penicillin G, or benzylpenicillin. An orally active naturally penicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin is used to treat mild to moderate infections in the respiratory tract, skin, and soft tissues caused by penicillin G­-sensitive microorganisms. Phenoxymethylpenicillin has also be used in some cases as prophylaxis against susceptible organisms. While there have been no controlled clinical efficacy studies that were conducted, phenoxymethylpenicillin has been suggested by the American Heart Association and the American Dental Association for use as an oral regimen for prophylaxis against bacterial endocarditis in patients with congenital heart disease or rheumatic or other acquired valvular heart disease when they undergo dental procedures and surgical procedures of the upper respiratory tract, except for those who are at an elevated risk for endocarditis.label

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 350.39
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Upon oral administration, the half-life is about 30 minutes. It can last up to 4 hours in patients with renal impairment.[L6412]
Volume Distribusi Following intravenous administration, the volume of distribution at steady state was 35.4 L.[A178615] Small amounts of the drug can be found in various tissues, with the highest amount found in the kidneys, with lesser amounts in the liver, skin, and intes­ tines. Phenoxymethylpenicillin was found in the cerebrospinal fluid.[label] Phenoxymethylpenicillin was detectable in the placenta and human breast milk.[L6412]
Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Upon oral administration, phenoxymethylpenicillin is rapidly but incompletely absorbed.A178612 The bioavailability of phenoxymethylpenicillin ranges from 25 to 60%.A178618 Compared to the free acid form of the drug, the calcium or potassium salts of phenoxymethylpenicillin displays better absorption profiles. It is reported that fasting state enhances the drug absorption. The peak plasma concentrations of 200 to 700 ng/mL are achieved in 2 hours following an oral dose of 125 mg. Following an oral dose of 500 mg, the peak plasma concentrations of 3 to 5 ?g/mL are reached in 30 to 60 minutes post-dose.L6412

Metabolisme

About 35-70% of an oral dose is metabolized to penicilloic acid, an inactive metabolite. Small amounts of 6-aminopenicillanic acid have been recovered in the urine of patients on penicillin G. A small percentage of the drug appears to be hydroxylated into one or more active metabolites, which are also excreted via urine.

Rute Eliminasi

While the drug is rapidly excreted, only 25% of the total dose is detected in the urine. Renal excretion may be delayed in neonates, young infants, and patients with renal impairment.label

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data
  • 1. Take on an empty stomach. Absorption is increased 1 hour before or 2 hours after food.

Interaksi Obat

192 Data
Methotrexate The excretion of Methotrexate can be decreased when combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Probenecid The excretion of Phenoxymethylpenicillin can be decreased when combined with Probenecid.
Doxycycline The therapeutic efficacy of Phenoxymethylpenicillin can be decreased when used in combination with Doxycycline.
Lymecycline The therapeutic efficacy of Phenoxymethylpenicillin can be decreased when used in combination with Lymecycline.
Clomocycline The therapeutic efficacy of Phenoxymethylpenicillin can be decreased when used in combination with Clomocycline.
Tigecycline The therapeutic efficacy of Phenoxymethylpenicillin can be decreased when used in combination with Tigecycline.
Oxytetracycline The therapeutic efficacy of Phenoxymethylpenicillin can be decreased when used in combination with Oxytetracycline.
Demeclocycline The therapeutic efficacy of Phenoxymethylpenicillin can be decreased when used in combination with Demeclocycline.
Tetracycline The therapeutic efficacy of Phenoxymethylpenicillin can be decreased when used in combination with Tetracycline.
Metacycline The therapeutic efficacy of Phenoxymethylpenicillin can be decreased when used in combination with Metacycline.
Minocycline The therapeutic efficacy of Phenoxymethylpenicillin can be decreased when used in combination with Minocycline.
Rolitetracycline The therapeutic efficacy of Phenoxymethylpenicillin can be decreased when used in combination with Rolitetracycline.
Sarecycline The therapeutic efficacy of Phenoxymethylpenicillin can be decreased when used in combination with Sarecycline.
Eravacycline The therapeutic efficacy of Phenoxymethylpenicillin can be decreased when used in combination with Eravacycline.
Omadacycline The therapeutic efficacy of Phenoxymethylpenicillin can be decreased when used in combination with Omadacycline.
Penimepicycline The therapeutic efficacy of Phenoxymethylpenicillin can be decreased when used in combination with Penimepicycline.
Mycophenolate mofetil The serum concentration of Mycophenolate mofetil can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Mycophenolic acid The serum concentration of Mycophenolic acid can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Picosulfuric acid The therapeutic efficacy of Picosulfuric acid can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Dicoumarol Phenoxymethylpenicillin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dicoumarol.
Phenindione Phenoxymethylpenicillin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Phenindione.
Warfarin Phenoxymethylpenicillin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Warfarin.
Phenprocoumon Phenoxymethylpenicillin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Phenprocoumon.
Acenocoumarol Phenoxymethylpenicillin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Acenocoumarol.
4-hydroxycoumarin Phenoxymethylpenicillin may increase the anticoagulant activities of 4-hydroxycoumarin.
Coumarin Phenoxymethylpenicillin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Coumarin.
(R)-warfarin Phenoxymethylpenicillin may increase the anticoagulant activities of (R)-warfarin.
Ethyl biscoumacetate Phenoxymethylpenicillin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ethyl biscoumacetate.
Fluindione Phenoxymethylpenicillin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Fluindione.
Clorindione Phenoxymethylpenicillin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Clorindione.
Diphenadione Phenoxymethylpenicillin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Diphenadione.
Tioclomarol Phenoxymethylpenicillin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Tioclomarol.
(S)-Warfarin Phenoxymethylpenicillin may increase the anticoagulant activities of (S)-Warfarin.
Diethylstilbestrol The therapeutic efficacy of Diethylstilbestrol can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Etonogestrel The therapeutic efficacy of Etonogestrel can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Desogestrel The therapeutic efficacy of Desogestrel can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Megestrol acetate The therapeutic efficacy of Megestrol acetate can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Levonorgestrel The therapeutic efficacy of Levonorgestrel can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Progesterone The therapeutic efficacy of Progesterone can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Medroxyprogesterone acetate The therapeutic efficacy of Medroxyprogesterone acetate can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Norethisterone The therapeutic efficacy of Norethisterone can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Estradiol The therapeutic efficacy of Estradiol can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Ethynodiol diacetate The therapeutic efficacy of Ethynodiol diacetate can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Mifepristone The therapeutic efficacy of Mifepristone can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Norgestimate The therapeutic efficacy of Norgestimate can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Ethinylestradiol The therapeutic efficacy of Ethinylestradiol can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Mestranol The therapeutic efficacy of Mestranol can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Drospirenone The therapeutic efficacy of Drospirenone can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Estrone sulfate The therapeutic efficacy of Estrone sulfate can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol The therapeutic efficacy of Octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Cyproterone acetate The therapeutic efficacy of Cyproterone acetate can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Trestolone The therapeutic efficacy of Trestolone can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Norelgestromin The therapeutic efficacy of Norelgestromin can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Gestodene The therapeutic efficacy of Gestodene can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Hydroxyprogesterone caproate The therapeutic efficacy of Hydroxyprogesterone caproate can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Ulipristal The therapeutic efficacy of Ulipristal can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Dienogest The therapeutic efficacy of Dienogest can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Norethynodrel The therapeutic efficacy of Norethynodrel can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Norgestrel The therapeutic efficacy of Norgestrel can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Cloprostenol The therapeutic efficacy of Cloprostenol can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Gestrinone The therapeutic efficacy of Gestrinone can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Nomegestrol The therapeutic efficacy of Nomegestrol can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Lynestrenol The therapeutic efficacy of Lynestrenol can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Gossypol The therapeutic efficacy of Gossypol can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Ormeloxifene The therapeutic efficacy of Ormeloxifene can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Chlormadinone The therapeutic efficacy of Chlormadinone can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Norgestrienone The therapeutic efficacy of Norgestrienone can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Quingestanol The therapeutic efficacy of Quingestanol can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Demegestone The therapeutic efficacy of Demegestone can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Etynodiol The therapeutic efficacy of Etynodiol can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Testosterone enanthate The therapeutic efficacy of Testosterone enanthate can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Estradiol benzoate The therapeutic efficacy of Estradiol benzoate can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Estradiol cypionate The therapeutic efficacy of Estradiol cypionate can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Estradiol valerate The therapeutic efficacy of Estradiol valerate can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Nomegestrol acetate The therapeutic efficacy of Nomegestrol acetate can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Norethindrone enanthate The therapeutic efficacy of Norethindrone enanthate can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Capreomycin The serum concentration of Capreomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Framycetin The serum concentration of Framycetin can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Amikacin The serum concentration of Amikacin can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Tobramycin The serum concentration of Tobramycin can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Gentamicin The serum concentration of Gentamicin can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Netilmicin The serum concentration of Netilmicin can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Streptomycin The serum concentration of Streptomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Kanamycin The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Paromomycin The serum concentration of Paromomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Ribostamycin The serum concentration of Ribostamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Geneticin The serum concentration of Geneticin can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Apramycin The serum concentration of Apramycin can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Gentamicin C1a The serum concentration of Gentamicin C1a can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Neamine The serum concentration of Neamine can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Arbekacin The serum concentration of Arbekacin can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Puromycin The serum concentration of Puromycin can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Dihydrostreptomycin The serum concentration of Dihydrostreptomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Hygromycin B The serum concentration of Hygromycin B can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Sisomicin The serum concentration of Sisomicin can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Plazomicin The serum concentration of Plazomicin can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Isepamicin The serum concentration of Isepamicin can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Colistin The serum concentration of Colistin can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
BCG vaccine The therapeutic efficacy of BCG vaccine can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Typhoid vaccine The therapeutic efficacy of Typhoid vaccine can be decreased when used in combination with Phenoxymethylpenicillin.

Target Protein

MecA PBP2' (penicillin binding protein 2') mecA
Penicillin-binding protein 1A pbpA
D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase DacB dacB
Penicillin acylase
Solute carrier family 15 member 1 SLC15A1

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Hephzibah Sivaraman, Archana Pundle, Cheravakkattu Suresh, George Dodson, James Brannigan, "Process for production of large amount of penicillin V acylase." U.S. Patent US20050142652, issued June 30, 2005.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 15758893
    Authors unspecified: Inadvertent use of Bicillin C-R to treat syphilis infection--Los Angeles, California, 1999-2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005 Mar 11;54(9):217-9.
  • PMID: 16467547
    Gruchalla RS, Pirmohamed M: Clinical practice. Antibiotic allergy. N Engl J Med. 2006 Feb 9;354(6):601-9.
  • PMID: 30181520
    Skarpeid PL, Hoye S: Phenoxymethylpenicillin Versus Amoxicillin for Infections in Ambulatory Care: A Systematic Review. Antibiotics (Basel). 2018 Sep 4;7(3). pii: antibiotics7030081. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics7030081.
  • PMID: 6811219
    Josefsson K, Bergan T: Pharmacokinetics of phenoxymethylpenicillin in volunteers. Chemotherapy. 1982;28(4):241-6. doi: 10.1159/000238084.
  • PMID: 3924086
    Overbosch D, Mattie H, van Furth R: Comparative pharmacodynamics and clinical pharmacokinetics of phenoxymethylpenicillin and pheneticillin. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1985 May;19(5):657-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1985.tb02693.x.
  • PMID: 23594463
    Llor C, Arranz J, Morros R, Garcia-Sangenis A, Pera H, Llobera J, Guillen-Sola M, Carandell E, Ortega J, Hernandez S, Miravitlles M: Efficacy of high doses of oral penicillin versus amoxicillin in the treatment of adults with non-severe pneumonia attended in the community: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMC Fam Pract. 2013 Apr 17;14:50. doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-14-50.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 224 • International brands: 21
Produk
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  • Beepen-VK
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  • Beepen-VK
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  • Beepen-VK
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  • Ledercillin Vk - Tab 400000 Unit
    Tablet • 400000 unit / tab • Oral • Canada • Approved
  • Ledercillin Vk - Tab 800000units
    Tablet • 800000 unit / tab • Oral • Canada • Approved
Menampilkan 8 dari 224 produk.
International Brands
  • Apo-Pen-VK
  • Betapen-VK
  • Crystapen V
  • Distaquaine V
  • Fenospen
  • Fenoxypen
  • Ledercillin VK
  • Oratren
  • Ospen
  • Pen-Oral

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

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