Peringatan Keamanan

The reported LD50 in mice after oral administration of ipratropium is 1500 mg/kg.MSDS However, overdosage is not very likely due to the poor absorption of ipratropium.FDA label

Ipratropium was not shown to present carcinogenesis, teratogenesis not mutagenesis potential and it did not present effects on fertility. The only effect after high administration of ipratropium was a reduction in the conception rate.FDA label

Ipratropium

DB00332

small molecule approved experimental

Deskripsi

Ipratropium is a quaternary ammonium derivative of atropineA176957 that acts as an anticholinergic agent.A176939 It is commonly administered through inhalation which allows producing a local effect without presenting a significant systemic absorption.A176957

Ipratropium as a therapeutic agent was developed by Boehringer Ingelheim and its first monotherapy product was FDA approved in 1986, while the combination product of ipratropium and albuterol was approved in 1996.L5894, L5891

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 332.463
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Ipratropium presents a short half-life of about 1.6 hours.[A176945]
Volume Distribusi Ipratropium has a volume of distributions of 4.6 L/kg and hence, it is known to be highly distributed in the tissues.[L5909]
Klirens (Clearance) The average clearance rate of ipratropium is of 2.3 L/min with a renal clearance of 0.9 L/min.[L5909]

Absorpsi

Ipratropium is a topically active but poorly absorbed agent.T539 The lack of absorption potential in the mucosal surfaces is associated with the presence of a charge in the 5-valent nitrogen. The molecule itself presents very large topic effectiveness however, it does not produce detectable blood levels nor systemic effects.T542 Serum levels of ipratropium after oral or inhaled administration are very low, corresponding to only 1-2% of the administered dose. These low levels peak after 1-2 hours and it presents a low bioavailability of 2%.T542

Metabolisme

Ipratropium is metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract by the activity of the cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes.A176945 From the orally administered dose, about 90% of the dose is excreted unchanged. The absorbed portion is partially metabolized by ester hydrolysis to inactive metabolites, tropic acid and tropane.T85

Rute Eliminasi

About 80-100% of the administered dose of ipratropium is excreted in the urine leaving less than 20% of the dose to be eliminated through the feces.A176945 From the urine eliminated portion, almost all the drug is found unchanged.T542 However, when ipratropium is orally administered, due to its low absorption, most of the dose is recovered in the feces with a very minimal amount found in the urine.T542

Interaksi Obat

513 Data
Loxapine The therapeutic efficacy of Ipratropium can be decreased when used in combination with Loxapine.
Aclidinium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Aclidinium.
Mianserin Mianserin may increase the anticholinergic activities of Ipratropium.
Mirabegron The risk or severity of urinary retention can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Mirabegron.
Potassium chloride The risk or severity of gastrointestinal ulceration can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Potassium chloride.
Pramlintide The risk or severity of reduced gastrointestinal motility can be increased when Pramlintide is combined with Ipratropium.
Secretin porcine The therapeutic efficacy of Secretin porcine can be decreased when used in combination with Ipratropium.
Tiotropium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Tiotropium.
Topiramate The risk or severity of hyperthermia and oligohydrosis can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Topiramate.
Umeclidinium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Umeclidinium.
Glycopyrronium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Glycopyrronium.
Botulinum toxin type A The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Glucagon Ipratropium may increase the gastrointestinal motility reducing activities of Glucagon.
Sulpiride Ipratropium may increase the anticholinergic activities of Sulpiride.
Botulinum toxin type B The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Botulinum toxin type B.
Eluxadoline The risk or severity of constipation can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Eluxadoline.
Ramosetron The risk or severity of constipation can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Ramosetron.
Naltrexone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Naltrexone.
Bezitramide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Bezitramide.
Morphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Morphine.
Codeine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Codeine.
Hydromorphone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Hydromorphone.
Methadone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Methadone.
Meperidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Meperidine.
Oxycodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Oxycodone.
Butorphanol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Butorphanol.
Dextropropoxyphene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Dextropropoxyphene.
Pentazocine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Pentazocine.
Sufentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Sufentanil.
Alfentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Alfentanil.
Fentanyl The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Fentanyl.
Nalbuphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Nalbuphine.
Levorphanol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Levorphanol.
Remifentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Remifentanil.
Buprenorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Buprenorphine.
Hydrocodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Hydrocodone.
Diphenoxylate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Diphenoxylate.
Oxymorphone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Oxymorphone.
Dezocine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Dezocine.
Levacetylmethadol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Levacetylmethadol.
Methadyl acetate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Methadyl acetate.
Dihydroetorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Dihydroetorphine.
Diamorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Diamorphine.
Ethylmorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Ethylmorphine.
Etorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Etorphine.
Dextromoramide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Dextromoramide.
Desomorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Desomorphine.
Carfentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Carfentanil.
Dihydrocodeine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Alphacetylmethadol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Alphacetylmethadol.
Dihydromorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Dihydromorphine.
Tapentadol The risk or severity of urinary retention and constipation can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Tapentadol.
Ketobemidone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Ketobemidone.
DPDPE The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with DPDPE.
Lofentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Lofentanil.
Opium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Opium.
Normethadone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Normethadone.
Piritramide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Piritramide.
Alphaprodine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Alphaprodine.
Nicomorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Nicomorphine.
Meptazinol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Meptazinol.
Phenoperidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Phenoperidine.
Phenazocine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Phenazocine.
Tilidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Tilidine.
Carfentanil, C-11 The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Carfentanil, C-11.
Benzhydrocodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Benzhydrocodone.
Naloxegol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Naloxegol.
Mecamylamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Mecamylamine.
Tropicamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Tropicamide.
Amantadine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Amantadine.
Cyclopentolate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Cyclopentolate.
Pentolinium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Pentolinium.
Trimethaphan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Trimethaphan.
Dihydro-2-thioxo-5-((5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-furanyl)methyl)-4,6(1H,5H)-pyrimidinedione The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Dihydro-2-thioxo-5-((5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-furanyl)methyl)-4,6(1H,5H)-pyrimidinedione.
Agmatine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Agmatine.
Homatropine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Homatropine.
Cimetropium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Cimetropium.
Methyclothiazide The serum concentration of Methyclothiazide can be increased when it is combined with Ipratropium.
Chlorthalidone The serum concentration of Chlorthalidone can be increased when it is combined with Ipratropium.
Bendroflumethiazide The serum concentration of Bendroflumethiazide can be increased when it is combined with Ipratropium.
Metolazone The serum concentration of Metolazone can be increased when it is combined with Ipratropium.
Benzthiazide The serum concentration of Benzthiazide can be increased when it is combined with Ipratropium.
Hydroflumethiazide The serum concentration of Hydroflumethiazide can be increased when it is combined with Ipratropium.
Indapamide The serum concentration of Indapamide can be increased when it is combined with Ipratropium.
Chlorothiazide The serum concentration of Chlorothiazide can be increased when it is combined with Ipratropium.
Hydrochlorothiazide The serum concentration of Hydrochlorothiazide can be increased when it is combined with Ipratropium.
Trichlormethiazide The serum concentration of Trichlormethiazide can be increased when it is combined with Ipratropium.
Polythiazide The serum concentration of Polythiazide can be increased when it is combined with Ipratropium.
Quinethazone The serum concentration of Quinethazone can be increased when it is combined with Ipratropium.
Cyclopenthiazide The serum concentration of Cyclopenthiazide can be increased when it is combined with Ipratropium.
Epitizide The serum concentration of Epitizide can be increased when it is combined with Ipratropium.
Tramadol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tramadol is combined with Ipratropium.
Trospium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trospium is combined with Ipratropium.
Oxyphenonium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxyphenonium is combined with Ipratropium.
Benzatropine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzatropine is combined with Ipratropium.
Ziprasidone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ziprasidone is combined with Ipratropium.
Disopyramide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Disopyramide is combined with Ipratropium.
Amitriptyline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amitriptyline is combined with Ipratropium.
Olanzapine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Olanzapine is combined with Ipratropium.
Metixene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Metixene is combined with Ipratropium.

Target Protein

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 CHRM3
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 CHRM1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 CHRM2

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 28546381
    Rehder KJ: Adjunct Therapies for Refractory Status Asthmaticus in Children. Respir Care. 2017 Jun;62(6):849-865. doi: 10.4187/respcare.05174.
  • PMID: 22021174
    Seppi K, Weintraub D, Coelho M, Perez-Lloret S, Fox SH, Katzenschlager R, Hametner EM, Poewe W, Rascol O, Goetz CG, Sampaio C: The Movement Disorder Society Evidence-Based Medicine Review Update: Treatments for the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2011 Oct;26 Suppl 3:S42-80. doi: 10.1002/mds.23884.
  • PMID: 30085570
    Almadhoun K, Sharma S: Bronchodilators .
  • PMID: 8521214
    Osmond MH, Klassen TP: Efficacy of ipratropium bromide in acute childhood asthma: a meta-analysis. Acad Emerg Med. 1995 Jul;2(7):651-6.
  • PMID: 15202698
    Hockstein NG, Samadi DS, Gendron K, Handler SD: Sialorrhea: a management challenge. Am Fam Physician. 2004 Jun 1;69(11):2628-34.
Textbook
  • Upfal J. (2007). The Australian Drug Guide (7th ed.). National Library of Australia.
  • ISBN: 978-0-7817-5273-2
    George R., Light R., Matthay M. and Matthay R. (2005). Chest Medicine. Essentials of pulmonary and critical care medicine. (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • ISBN: 0-12-079028-9
    Barnes P., Drazen J., Rennard S. and Thomson N. (2002). Asthma and COPD. Elsevier Science Ltd.
  • Woo T.M. and Robinson M. (2016). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurse prescribers (4th ed.). Davis Company.
  • ISBN: 978-0-8261-2858-4
    Hale T. and Rowe H. (2017). MEdications & mothers' milk (17th ed.). Springer publishing company.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 169 • International brands: 8
Produk
  • Aa-ipravent
    Solution • 250 mcg / mL • Respiratory (inhalation) • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Apo-ipravent Sterules
    Solution • 125 mcg / mL • Respiratory (inhalation) • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Apo-ipravent Sterules
    Solution • 250 mcg / mL • Respiratory (inhalation) • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Apo-salvent-ipravent Sterules
    Solution • - • Respiratory (inhalation) • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Atrovent
    Spray, metered • 21 ug/1 • Nasal • US • Approved
  • Atrovent
    Aerosol, metered • 18 ug/1 • Respiratory (inhalation) • US • Approved
  • Atrovent
    Aerosol, metered • 17 ug/1 • Respiratory (inhalation) • US • Approved
  • Atrovent
    Spray, metered • 42 ug/1 • Nasal • US • Approved
Menampilkan 8 dari 169 produk.
International Brands
  • Aerovent — Teva
  • Apovent — Apotex Inc.
  • Atronase — Boehringer Ingelheim
  • Ipraxa — Ivax
  • Ipvent — Cipla Medpro
  • Rhinovent — Boehringer Ingelheim
  • Rinatec — Boehringer Ingelheim
  • Rinovagos — Valeas

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

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