Peringatan Keamanan

Overdose

Symptoms of overdose include agitation, chest pain, confusion, drowsiness, facial muscle movements, grogginess, increased jerkiness of movement, symptoms of low blood pressure (dizziness, light-headedness)upon standing, nausea, and vomiting FDA label.

Carcinogenicity

Two-year carcinogenicity studies of ropinirole were performed on animal models at oral doses of 5, 15, and 50 mg/kg/day and in rats at oral doses of 1.5, 15, and 50 mg/kg/day.
There was an increase in testicular Leydig cell adenomas at all doses tested in rats. The hormonal mechanisms thought to be involved in the development of these tumors in rats are not considered relevant to humans. In mice, there was an increase in benign uterine endometrial polyps at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day. The highest dose not associated with this observation (15 mg/kg/day) is three times the maximum recommended human dose on a mg/m2 basis FDA label.

Mutagenesis

Ropinirole was not found to be mutagenic or clastogenic during in vitro assays, or in the in vivo mouse micronucleus test FDA label.

Effects on reproduction

When given to female rats prior to and during mating and throughout pregnancy, ropinirole led to disruption of implantation at oral doses of 20 mg/kg/day (8 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis) or higher. This effect in rats is believed to be due to the prolactin-lowering effects of ropinirole.

Use in Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category C. There are no sufficient and well-controlled studies done in pregnant women. In animal reproduction studies, ropinirole has demonstrated adverse effects on embryo-fetal development, including teratogenicity FDA label.

Ropinirole

DB00268

small molecule approved investigational

Deskripsi

Ropinirole, also known as ReQuip, is a non-ergoline dopamine agonist used in Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome FDA label, A174547. It is manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals. Ropinirole was initially approved in 1997 by the FDA FDA label for the management of Parkinson's disease. In 2005, it was the first drug approved in the US for the management of primary moderate to severe restless legs syndrome A174547.

In 2008, the extended-release capsules of ropinirole were approved, allowing for less frequent dosing, therefore increased compliance, and offering a similar side effect profile and efficacy to previous formulations of ropinirole A35711.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 260.3746
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: ObatTargetGenEnzim(Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi)TransporterCarrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Approximately 6 hours [FDA label], [A37840].
Volume Distribusi Ropinirole is found to be widely distributed throughout the body, with an apparent volume of distribution of **7.5 L/kg** [FDA label].
Klirens (Clearance) The clearance of ropinirole after oral administration is 47 L/h [FDA label].

Absorpsi

Ropinirole is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, reaching peak concentration in approximately 1 to 2 hours FDA label, A37840. Absolute bioavailability was 45% to 55%, suggesting approximately 50% hepatic first-pass effect FDA label. The bioavailability of ropinirole prolonged release compared to the immediate release tablets is about 100% A38215. Ingestion of food does not affect the absorption of ropinirole, although its Tmax was increased by 2.5 hours and its Cmax was reduced by approximately 25% when the drug is taken with a high-fat meal FDA label.

Metabolisme

Ropinirole is heavily metabolized by the liver. The most important metabolic pathways are N­ despropylation and hydroxylation to form the N-despropyl metabolite and hydroxy metabolites FDA label, both of which are inactive A35711. The N-despropyl metabolite is then converted to carbamyl glucuronide, carboxylic acid, and N-despropyl hydroxy metabolites. Following this process, the hydroxy metabolite of ropinirole is glucuronidated at a rapid rate FDA label. In vitro studies show that the major cytochrome P450 enzyme involved in the metabolism of ropinirole is CYP1A2 FDA label, A37840.

Rute Eliminasi

The majority of the absorbed dose is cleared by the liver A35711. In clinical trials, more than 88% of a radiolabeled dose was recovered in urine FDA label. Less than 10% of the administered dose is excreted as unchanged drug in urine. N-despropyl ropinirole is the major metabolite found in the urine (40%), followed by the carboxylic acid metabolite (10%), and the glucuronide of the hydroxy metabolite (10%) FDA label.

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data
  • 1. Take with or without food. May take with food to reduce nausea.

Interaksi Obat

1077 Data
Duloxetine The risk or severity of orthostatic hypotension and syncope can be increased when Ropinirole is combined with Duloxetine.
Levodopa The risk or severity of hypotension and orthostatic hypotension can be increased when Ropinirole is combined with Levodopa.
Leflunomide The serum concentration of Ropinirole can be decreased when it is combined with Leflunomide.
Botulinum toxin type B Botulinum toxin type B may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Botulinum toxin type A Botulinum toxin type A may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Tryptophan Tryptophan may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Baclofen Baclofen may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Lorazepam Lorazepam may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Ethchlorvynol Ethchlorvynol may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Succinylcholine Succinylcholine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Reserpine Reserpine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Eletriptan Eletriptan may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Enflurane Enflurane may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Temazepam Temazepam may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Reboxetine Reboxetine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Butabarbital Butabarbital may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Butalbital Butalbital may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Methysergide Methysergide may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Topiramate Topiramate may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Clemastine Clemastine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Venlafaxine Venlafaxine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Etomidate Etomidate may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Morphine Morphine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Talbutal Talbutal may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Pentobarbital Pentobarbital may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Zolmitriptan Zolmitriptan may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Codeine Codeine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Amitriptyline Amitriptyline may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Tolcapone Tolcapone may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Hydromorphone Hydromorphone may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Cetirizine Cetirizine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Protriptyline Protriptyline may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Trimethadione Trimethadione may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Clobazam Clobazam may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Meprobamate Meprobamate may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Palonosetron Palonosetron may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Alprazolam Alprazolam may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Dexbrompheniramine Dexbrompheniramine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Metocurine iodide Metocurine iodide may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Methocarbamol Methocarbamol may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Triprolidine Triprolidine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Cyproheptadine Cyproheptadine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Metharbital Metharbital may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Methohexital Methohexital may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Gallamine triethiodide Gallamine triethiodide may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Entacapone Entacapone may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Oxycodone Oxycodone may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Mephenytoin Mephenytoin may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Nortriptyline Nortriptyline may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Adinazolam Adinazolam may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Lamotrigine Lamotrigine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Cisatracurium Cisatracurium may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Fenfluramine Fenfluramine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Mazindol Mazindol may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Fluticasone propionate Fluticasone propionate may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Ethosuximide Ethosuximide may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Thiopental Thiopental may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Cisapride Cisapride may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Butorphanol Butorphanol may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Furazolidone Furazolidone may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Paramethadione Paramethadione may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Clorazepic acid Clorazepic acid may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Dyclonine Dyclonine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Pentazocine Pentazocine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Trazodone Trazodone may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Metaxalone Metaxalone may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Trimethobenzamide Trimethobenzamide may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Sumatriptan Sumatriptan may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Moricizine Moricizine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Midazolam Midazolam may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Flurazepam Flurazepam may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Ergotamine Ergotamine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Tizanidine Tizanidine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Sufentanil Sufentanil may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Procaine Procaine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Trimipramine Trimipramine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Rocuronium Rocuronium may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Atracurium besylate Atracurium besylate may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Meclizine Meclizine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Riluzole Riluzole may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Scopolamine Scopolamine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Carbinoxamine Carbinoxamine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Isoflurane Isoflurane may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Ethotoin Ethotoin may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Dolasetron Dolasetron may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Clidinium Clidinium may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Phenelzine Phenelzine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Halazepam Halazepam may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Alfentanil Alfentanil may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Minaprine Minaprine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Fentanyl Fentanyl may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Acetazolamide Acetazolamide may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Diazepam Diazepam may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Phensuximide Phensuximide may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Brompheniramine Brompheniramine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.

Target Protein

D(3) dopamine receptor DRD3
D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2
D(4) dopamine receptor DRD4
Alpha adrenergic receptor ADRA1A

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 10929932
    Matheson AJ, Spencer CM: Ropinirole: a review of its use in the management of Parkinson's disease. Drugs. 2000 Jul;60(1):115-37. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200060010-00007.
  • PMID: 19503779
    Nashatizadeh MM, Lyons KE, Pahwa R: A review of ropinirole prolonged release in Parkinson's disease. Clin Interv Aging. 2009;4:179-86. Epub 2009 May 14.
  • PMID: 19412490
    Kushida CA: Ropinirole for the treatment of restless legs syndrome. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2006 Dec;2(4):407-19.
  • PMID: 19557097
    Shill HA, Stacy M: Update on ropinirole in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2009;5:33-6. Epub 2009 Apr 8.
  • PMID: 11069211
    Kaye CM, Nicholls B: Clinical pharmacokinetics of ropinirole. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2000 Oct;39(4):243-54. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200039040-00001.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 438 • International brands: 3
Produk
  • Apo-ropinirole
    Tablet • 0.25 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Apo-ropinirole
    Tablet • 0.5 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Apo-ropinirole
    Tablet • 1.0 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Apo-ropinirole
    Tablet • 2.0 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Apo-ropinirole
    Tablet • 3.0 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Apo-ropinirole
    Tablet • 4.0 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Apo-ropinirole
    Tablet • 5.0 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Dom-ropinirole
    Tablet • 0.25 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
Menampilkan 8 dari 438 produk.
International Brands
  • Adartrel
  • ReQuip CR — GlaxoSmithKline
  • Ronirol

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.
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