Peringatan Keamanan

Manifestations of acute overdosage of temazepam, as with other benzodiazepines, can be expected to reflect the increasing CNS effects of the drug and include somnolence, confusion, and coma, with reduced or absent reflexes FDA Label L5539, F3718, F3721. With large overdoses, respiratory depression, hypotension, and finally coma can occur FDA Label L5539, F3718, F3721.

Benzodiazepines like temazepam might cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Transplacental distribution has in the past resulted in neonatal CNS depression following the ingestion of therapeutic doses of related benzodiazepine hypnotics like diazepam during the last weeks of pregnancy FDA Label L5539, F3718, F3721.

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk FDA Label L5539, F3718, F3721. Caution should, therefore, be exercised when temazepam is administered to a nursing woman FDA Label L5539, F3718, F3721.

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established FDA Label L5539, F3718, F3721.

Lower doses of temazepam, like 7.5 mg is recommended as the initial dosage for patients aged 65 and over since the risk of the development of oversedation, dizziness, confusion, ataxia and/or falls increases substantially with larger doses of benzodiazepines in elderly and debilitated patients FDA Label L5539, F3718, F3721.

No evidence of carcinogenicity was observed in animal studies although hyperplastic liver nodules were observed in female mice exposed to the highest doses of temazepam FDA Label L5539, F3718, F3721. The clinical significance of this finding is not known FDA Label L5539, F3718, F3721.

Fertility in male and female rats was not adversely affected by temazepam toxicity studies FDA Label L5539, F3718, F3721.

No mutagenicity tests have been done with temazepam FDA Label L5539, F3718, F3721.

Temazepam

DB00231

small molecule approved investigational

Deskripsi

Temazepam, like many other similar and related benzodiazepines, acts as a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) modulator and is capable of eliciting a variety of actions including sedation, hypnosis, skeletal muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, and anxiolytic action A175207, A175210, F3718, F3721.

Although the chemical synthesis of temazepam was established by 1965 A175333, mainstream contemporary use of the medication did not occur until it's legitimate use as treatment for insomnia was accepted and approved later on. In particular, before temazepam saw regular prescription use in civilians it was - and still is - employed by the US military as a sedative-hypnotic medication to be taken by soldiers, pilots, etc. to obtain the necessary rest required for medical recovery or scheduled maneuvers and operations A175339. Regardless, temazepam has become one of the most frequently prescribed medications internationally and sees millions of prescriptions every year. Unfortunately, however, given its frequent use and the inherent nature of its pharmacological effects, temazepam - like many other benzodiazepines - possesses a high potential for misuse and is genuinely capable of developing drug tolerance, physical dependence, and addiction in users.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 300.74
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: ObatTargetGenEnzim(Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi)TransporterCarrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The terminal half-life determined for temazepam is recorded as being between 3.5-18 hours, with a mean of 9 hours [F3718, L5539].
Volume Distribusi The volume of distribution documented for temazepam is 1.3-1.5 L/kg body weight - and in particular, 43-68 L/kg for the unbound fraction [L5539].
Klirens (Clearance) Studies regarding the clearance of temazepam have recorded the values of 1.03 ml/min/kg and 31 ml/min/kg for the clearance of total temazepam and the clearance of unbound temazepam, respectively [A175306].

Absorpsi

Studies demonstrate that between 90 to 100% of an orally administered temazepam dose is absorbed, making the medication very well absorbed F3718, L5539. The oral administration of 15 to 45 mg temazepam resulted in rapid absorption with significant blood levels achieved in 30 minutes and peak levels at 2-3 hours F3718, L5539. In particular, direct studies following the oral ingestion of 30 mg of temazepam revealed measurable plasma concentrations were obtained 10-20 minutes after dosing with peak plasma levels ranging between 666-982 ng/mL (with a mean of 865 ng/mL) presenting approximately 1.2-1.6 hours (with a mean of 1.5 hours) after the dosing FDA Label. Finally, a dose-proportional relationship was established for the area under the plasma concentration/time curve over the 15 to 30 mg dose range FDA Label.

Metabolisme

First-pass metabolism of temazepam is minimal at approximately 5-8% of an administered dose F3718, L5539. Nevertheless, temazepam is principally metabolized in the liver where most of the unchanged drug is directly conjugated to glucuronide and excreted in the urine F3718, L5539. In particular, the primary metabolite present in the blood is the O-conjugate of temazepam FDA Label, F3718, L5539. Less than 5% of the drug is demethylated to oxazepam and subsequently eliminated as the glucuronide F3718, L5539. Regardless, the glucuronides of temazepam have no demonstrable CNS activity and it is believed that no active metabolites are formed in general FDA Label, F3718, L5539. Since temazepam mainly undergoes Phase II conjugation reactions, it is proposed that it is devoid of CYP450 interactions.A38982

Rute Eliminasi

Following a single dose, 80-90% of the dose appears in the urine, predominantly as the O-conjugate metabolite, and 3-13% of the dose appears in the faeces FDA Label F3718, L5539. Less than 2% of the dose is excreted unchanged or as N-desmethyltemazepam in the urine FDA Label F3718, L5539.

Interaksi Makanan

2 Data
  • 1. Avoid alcohol.
  • 2. Take with or without food.

Interaksi Obat

1334 Data
Buprenorphine Temazepam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Buprenorphine.
Doxylamine Doxylamine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Temazepam.
Dronabinol Dronabinol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Temazepam.
Droperidol Droperidol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Temazepam.
Hydrocodone Temazepam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Hydrocodone.
Hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Temazepam.
Magnesium sulfate The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be increased when used in combination with Magnesium sulfate.
Methotrimeprazine Temazepam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Methotrimeprazine.
Metyrosine Temazepam may increase the sedative activities of Metyrosine.
Minocycline Minocycline may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Temazepam.
Mirtazapine Temazepam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Mirtazapine.
Nabilone Nabilone may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Temazepam.
Orphenadrine Temazepam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Orphenadrine.
Paraldehyde Temazepam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde.
Perampanel Perampanel may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Temazepam.
Pramipexole Temazepam may increase the sedative activities of Pramipexole.
Ropinirole Temazepam may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Rotigotine Temazepam may increase the sedative activities of Rotigotine.
Rufinamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Rufinamide is combined with Temazepam.
Suvorexant Temazepam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Suvorexant.
Tapentadol Tapentadol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Temazepam.
Thalidomide Temazepam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Thalidomide.
Zolpidem Temazepam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Zolpidem.
Clozapine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Clozapine.
Methadone Temazepam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Methadone.
Sodium oxybate Temazepam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Sodium oxybate.
Teduglutide The serum concentration of Temazepam can be increased when it is combined with Teduglutide.
Yohimbine The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be increased when used in combination with Yohimbine.
Flumazenil Flumazenil may decrease the sedative activities of Temazepam.
Ethanol Temazepam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Ethanol.
Azelastine Temazepam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Azelastine.
Brimonidine Brimonidine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Temazepam.
Zimelidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Zimelidine.
Dapoxetine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Dapoxetine.
Seproxetine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Seproxetine.
Fluvoxamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Fluvoxamine.
Citalopram The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Citalopram.
Duloxetine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Duloxetine.
Trazodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Trazodone.
Paroxetine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Paroxetine.
Sertraline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Sertraline.
Sibutramine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Sibutramine.
Nefazodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Nefazodone.
Escitalopram The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Escitalopram.
Milnacipran The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Milnacipran.
Desvenlafaxine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Desvenlafaxine.
Levomilnacipran The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Levomilnacipran.
Indalpine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Indalpine.
Ritanserin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Ritanserin.
Alaproclate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Alaproclate.
Benzatropine Temazepam may decrease the excretion rate of Benzatropine which could result in a higher serum level.
Disopyramide Temazepam may decrease the excretion rate of Disopyramide which could result in a higher serum level.
Cyproheptadine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Cyproheptadine.
Propiomazine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Propiomazine.
Propantheline Temazepam may decrease the excretion rate of Propantheline which could result in a higher serum level.
Dicyclomine Temazepam may decrease the excretion rate of Dicyclomine which could result in a higher serum level.
Tolterodine Temazepam may decrease the excretion rate of Tolterodine which could result in a higher serum level.
Flavoxate Temazepam may decrease the excretion rate of Flavoxate which could result in a higher serum level.
Tiotropium Temazepam may decrease the excretion rate of Tiotropium which could result in a higher serum level.
Fesoterodine Temazepam may decrease the excretion rate of Fesoterodine which could result in a higher serum level.
Aclidinium Temazepam may decrease the excretion rate of Aclidinium which could result in a higher serum level.
Trimebutine Temazepam may decrease the excretion rate of Trimebutine which could result in a higher serum level.
Imidafenacin Temazepam may decrease the excretion rate of Imidafenacin which could result in a higher serum level.
Propiverine Temazepam may decrease the excretion rate of Propiverine which could result in a higher serum level.
Amitriptyline The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Amitriptyline.
Imipramine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Imipramine.
Doxepin The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Doxepin.
Desipramine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Desipramine.
Zopiclone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Zopiclone.
Caffeine The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Caffeine.
Dyphylline The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Dyphylline.
Pentoxifylline The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Pentoxifylline.
Mercaptopurine The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Mercaptopurine.
Oxtriphylline The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Oxtriphylline.
Theobromine The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Theobromine.
Fenethylline The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Fenethylline.
8-azaguanine The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with 8-azaguanine.
7,9-Dimethylguanine The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with 7,9-Dimethylguanine.
Xanthine The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Xanthine.
7-Deazaguanine The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with 7-Deazaguanine.
Guanine The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Guanine.
9-Methylguanine The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with 9-Methylguanine.
Peldesine The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Peldesine.
Hypoxanthine The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Hypoxanthine.
9-Deazaguanine The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with 9-Deazaguanine.
Propentofylline The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Propentofylline.
Valomaciclovir The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Valomaciclovir.
3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthine The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthine.
Uric acid The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Uric acid.
Doxofylline The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Doxofylline.
6-O-benzylguanine The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with 6-O-benzylguanine.
Lisofylline The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Lisofylline.
Lobucavir The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Lobucavir.
Cafedrine The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Cafedrine.
Theodrenaline The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Theodrenaline.
Bamifylline The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Bamifylline.
Proxyphylline The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Proxyphylline.
Acefylline The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Acefylline.
Etamiphylline The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Etamiphylline.
Pentifylline The therapeutic efficacy of Temazepam can be decreased when used in combination with Pentifylline.

Target Protein

Translocator protein TSPO
GABA(A) Receptor GABRA1
GABA(A) Receptor Benzodiazepine Binding Site GABRA1

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
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Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 237 • International brands: 7
Produk
  • Apo-temazepam
    Capsule • 15 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Apo-temazepam
    Capsule • 30 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Co Temazepam Capsules 15mg
    Capsule • 15 mg • Oral • Canada • Approved
  • Co Temazepam Capsules 30mg
    Capsule • 30 mg • Oral • Canada • Approved
  • Dom-temazepam
    Capsule • 15 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Dom-temazepam
    Capsule • 30 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Gen-temazepam 15mg
    Capsule • 15 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Gen-temazepam 30mg
    Capsule • 30 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
Menampilkan 8 dari 237 produk.
International Brands
  • Euhypnos
  • Norkotral
  • Normison
  • Nortem
  • Remestan
  • Temaze
  • Temtabs

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