Peringatan Keamanan

The oral LD50 of torasemide in the rat is 5 g/kg. When overdose occurs, there is a marked diuresis with the danger of loss of fluid and electrolytes which has been seen to lead to somnolence, confusion, hypotension, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremic alkalosis, hemoconcentration dehydration and circulatory collapse. This effects can include some gastrointestinal disturbances.L5260

There is no increase in tumor incidence with torasemide and it is proven to not be mutagenic, not fetotoxic or teratogenic.FDA label

Torasemide

DB00214

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Torasemide is a high-ceiling loop diuretic.A174463 Structurally, it is a pyridine-sulfonylurea used as an antihypertensive agent.A319 Torasemide was first approved for clinical use by the FDA in 1993.L5257

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 348.42
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The average half-life of torasemide is 3.5 hours.[A174472]
Volume Distribusi The volume of distribution of torasemide is 0.2 L/kg.[A174475]
Klirens (Clearance) The clearance rate of torasemide is considerably reduced by the presence of renal disorders.[A174475]

Absorpsi

Torasemide is the diuretic with the highest oral bioavailability even in advanced stages of chronic kidney disease.A174463 This bioavailability tends to be higher than 80% regardless of the patient condition. The maximal serum concentration is reported to be of 1 hour and the absorption parameters are not affected by its use concomitantly with food.A174472

Metabolisme

Torasemide is extensively metabolized in the liver and only 20% of the dose remains unchanged and it is recovered in the urine.A174475 Metabolized via the hepatic CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 mainly by reactions of hydroxylation, oxidation and reduction to 5 metabolites.A174514 The major metabolite, M5, is pharmacologically inactive. There are 2 minor metabolites, M1, possessing one-tenth the activity of torasemide, and M3, equal in activity to torasemide. Overall, torasemide appears to account for 80% of the total diuretic activity, while metabolites M1 and M3 account for 9% and 11%, respectively.A174508

Rute Eliminasi

Torasemide is mainly hepatically processed and excreted in the feces from which about 70-80% of the administered dose is excreted by this pathway. On the other hand, about 20-30% of the administered dose is found in the urine.L5257

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data
  • 1. Take with or without food. Food delays the Cmax by 30 minutes but does not impact efficacy.

Interaksi Obat

1640 Data
Duloxetine The risk or severity of orthostatic hypotension and syncope can be increased when Torasemide is combined with Duloxetine.
Levodopa The risk or severity of hypotension and orthostatic hypotension can be increased when Torasemide is combined with Levodopa.
Alfuzosin Alfuzosin may increase the hypotensive activities of Torasemide.
Amifostine Torasemide may increase the hypotensive activities of Amifostine.
Diazoxide Diazoxide may increase the hypotensive activities of Torasemide.
Methylphenidate Methylphenidate may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Dexmethylphenidate Dexmethylphenidate may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Obinutuzumab Torasemide may increase the hypotensive activities of Obinutuzumab.
Pentoxifylline Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Torasemide.
Rituximab Torasemide may increase the hypotensive activities of Rituximab.
Phentermine Phentermine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Midodrine Midodrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Methysergide Methysergide may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Cabergoline Cabergoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Zolmitriptan Zolmitriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Protriptyline Protriptyline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Methylergometrine Methylergometrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Mirtazapine Mirtazapine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Phenylephrine Phenylephrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Droperidol Droperidol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Nortriptyline Nortriptyline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Amoxapine Amoxapine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Doxapram Doxapram may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Atropine Atropine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Lisuride Lisuride may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Metaraminol Metaraminol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Trazodone Trazodone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Ergotamine Ergotamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Nicergoline Nicergoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Methoxamine Methoxamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Propiomazine Propiomazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Phenmetrazine Phenmetrazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Trifluoperazine Trifluoperazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Benzphetamine Benzphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Flupentixol Flupentixol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Diethylpropion Diethylpropion may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Naratriptan Naratriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Frovatriptan Frovatriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Ergoloid mesylate Ergoloid mesylate may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Dutasteride Dutasteride may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Pergolide Pergolide may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Finasteride Finasteride may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Ergometrine Ergometrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Lisdexamfetamine Lisdexamfetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Mephentermine Mephentermine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Yohimbine Yohimbine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Methotrimeprazine Methotrimeprazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
MMDA MMDA may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Midomafetamine Midomafetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
4-Methoxyamphetamine 4-Methoxyamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Tenamfetamine Tenamfetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Chlorphentermine Chlorphentermine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Phendimetrazine Phendimetrazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Solifenacin Solifenacin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Periciazine Periciazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Acepromazine Acepromazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Thioproperazine Thioproperazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Zuclopenthixol Zuclopenthixol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Epicaptopril Epicaptopril may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
1-benzylimidazole 1-benzylimidazole may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic acid diethylamide may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Amineptine Amineptine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Dronedarone Dronedarone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Flibanserin Flibanserin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Iloperidone Iloperidone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Amibegron Amibegron may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Naluzotan Naluzotan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Cariprazine Cariprazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Mianserin Mianserin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Nylidrin Nylidrin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Pizotifen Pizotifen may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Solabegron Solabegron may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Asenapine Asenapine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Esmirtazapine Esmirtazapine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Vilazodone Vilazodone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Nitrous oxide Nitrous oxide may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Xylometazoline Xylometazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Isometheptene Isometheptene may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Naphazoline Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Saralasin Saralasin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Tetryzoline Tetryzoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Cinitapride Cinitapride may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Lurasidone Lurasidone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Tyramine Tyramine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Adrafinil Adrafinil may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Ifenprodil Ifenprodil may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Etilefrine Etilefrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Butriptyline Butriptyline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Brexpiprazole Brexpiprazole may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Cirazoline Cirazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Synephrine Synephrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Tianeptine Tianeptine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Oxaprotiline Oxaprotiline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Iofetamine I-123 Iofetamine I-123 may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Dihydroergocornine Dihydroergocornine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.

Target Protein

Solute carrier family 12 member 2 SLC12A2
Solute carrier family 12 member 1 SLC12A1

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Fritz Topfmeier, Gustav Lettenbauer, "Process for the preparation of a stable modification of torasemide." U.S. Patent USRE0345806, issued June, 1975.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 19034320
    Lopez B, Gonzalez A, Hermida N, Laviades C, Diez J: Myocardial fibrosis in chronic kidney disease: potential benefits of torasemide. Kidney Int Suppl. 2008 Dec;(111):S19-23. doi: 10.1038/ki.2008.512.
  • PMID: 23877845
    Li XM, Jin DX, Cong HL: Could torasemide be a prophylactic agent of contrast induced acute kidney injury? A review about this field. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2013 Jul;17(14):1845-9.
  • PMID: 25728721
    Buggey J, Mentz RJ, Pitt B, Eisenstein EL, Anstrom KJ, Velazquez EJ, O'Connor CM: A reappraisal of loop diuretic choice in heart failure patients. Am Heart J. 2015 Mar;169(3):323-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2014.12.009. Epub 2015 Jan 6.
  • PMID: 7705212
    Dunn CJ, Fitton A, Brogden RN: Torasemide. An update of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs. 1995 Jan;49(1):121-42.
  • PMID: 9474471
    Knauf H, Mutschler E: Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of torasemide. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1998 Jan;34(1):1-24. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199834010-00001.
  • PMID: 3370063
    Neugebauer G, Besenfelder E, von Mollendorff E: Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of torasemide in man. Arzneimittelforschung. 1988 Jan;38(1A):164-6.
  • PMID: 11718311
    Barroso MB, Alonso RM, Jimenez RM: Simultaneous determination of torasemide and its major metabolite M5 in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr Sci. 2001 Nov;39(11):491-6.
Textbook
  • Coleman J., Cox A. and Cowley N. (2011). Side Effects of Drugs Annual. Elsevier.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 147 • International brands: 7
Produk
  • Demadex
    Tablet • 5 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved
  • Demadex
    Tablet • 10 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved
  • Demadex
    Tablet • 20 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved
  • Demadex
    Tablet • 100 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved
  • Demadex
    Injection, solution • 10 mg/1mL • Intravenous • US • Approved
  • Demadex
    Injection, solution • 10 mg/1mL • Intravenous • US • Approved
  • Demadex
    Tablet • 20 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved
  • Demadex
    Tablet • 10 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved
Menampilkan 8 dari 147 produk.
International Brands
  • Britomar — Ferrer
  • Diuver — Pliva
  • Examide — Apex
  • Luprac — Tanabe Mitshubishi Pharma
  • Soaanz — Sarfez Pharmaceuticals
  • Torem — Berlin-Chemie
  • Trifas — Meranini

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.
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