Hydroxocobalamin

DB00200

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Hydroxocobalamin, also known as vitamin B12a and hydroxycobalamin, is an injectable form of vitamin B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat vitamin B 12 deficiency. It is also used in cyanide poisoning, Leber's optic atrophy, and toxic amblyopia.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 1346.3551
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: ObatTargetGenEnzim(Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi)TransporterCarrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Approximately 6 days (peak plasma concentration after 8-12 hours from oral administration)
Volume Distribusi -
Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, except in malabsorption syndromes. Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the lower half of the ileum.

Metabolisme

Primarily hepatic. Cobalamins are absorbed in the ileum and stored in the liver. They continuously undergo enterohepatic recycling via secretion in the bile. Part of a dose is excreted in the urine, most of it in the first 8 hours.

Rute Eliminasi

Each hydroxocobalamin molecule can bind one cyanide ion by substituting it for the hydroxo ligand linked to the trivalent cobalt ion, to form cyanocobalamin, which is then excreted in the urine.

Interaksi Obat

725 Data
Cyclosporine Cyclosporine may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Icosapent Icosapent may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotiam Cefotiam may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Mesalazine Mesalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefmenoxime Cefmenoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefmetazole Cefmetazole may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Pamidronic acid Pamidronic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Tenofovir disoproxil Tenofovir disoproxil may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Indomethacin Indomethacin may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cidofovir Cidofovir may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefpiramide Cefpiramide may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftazidime Ceftazidime may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Loracarbef Loracarbef may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefalotin Cefalotin may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Nabumetone Nabumetone may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Ketorolac Ketorolac may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Tenoxicam Tenoxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Celecoxib Celecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotaxime Cefotaxime may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Tolmetin Tolmetin may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Foscarnet Foscarnet may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Rofecoxib Rofecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Piroxicam Piroxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Methotrexate Methotrexate may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephalexin Cephalexin may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Fenoprofen Fenoprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Valaciclovir Valaciclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Valdecoxib Valdecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Diclofenac Diclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Sulindac Sulindac may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Bacitracin Bacitracin may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Amphotericin B Amphotericin B may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephaloglycin Cephaloglycin may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Adefovir dipivoxil Adefovir dipivoxil may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Pentamidine Pentamidine may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Etodolac Etodolac may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Mefenamic acid Mefenamic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Acyclovir Acyclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Naproxen Naproxen may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Meloxicam Meloxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Carprofen Carprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefaclor Cefaclor may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Diflunisal Diflunisal may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Tacrolimus Tacrolimus may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceforanide Ceforanide may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Salicylic acid Salicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Acetylsalicylic acid Acetylsalicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Carboplatin Carboplatin may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Oxaprozin Oxaprozin may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Balsalazide Balsalazide may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Ibuprofen Ibuprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefditoren Cefditoren may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Atazanavir Atazanavir may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Colistimethate Colistimethate may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefuroxime Cefuroxime may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefapirin Cefapirin may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefadroxil Cefadroxil may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefprozil Cefprozil may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftriaxone Ceftriaxone may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Olsalazine Olsalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Lumiracoxib Lumiracoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefamandole Cefamandole may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefazolin Cefazolin may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefonicid Cefonicid may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefoperazone Cefoperazone may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotetan Cefotetan may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefoxitin Cefoxitin may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftizoxime Ceftizoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefradine Cefradine may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Magnesium salicylate Magnesium salicylate may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Salsalate Salsalate may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Choline magnesium trisalicylate Choline magnesium trisalicylate may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefepime Cefepime may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefacetrile Cefacetrile may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftibuten Ceftibuten may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefpodoxime Cefpodoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Antrafenine Antrafenine may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Aminophenazone Aminophenazone may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Antipyrine Antipyrine may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Tiaprofenic acid Tiaprofenic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Lopinavir Lopinavir may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Etoricoxib Etoricoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Hydrolyzed Cephalothin Hydrolyzed Cephalothin may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephalothin Group Cephalothin Group may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Latamoxef Latamoxef may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Nimesulide Nimesulide may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Benoxaprofen Benoxaprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Metamizole Metamizole may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Zomepirac Zomepirac may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftobiprole Ceftobiprole may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cimicoxib Cimicoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftaroline fosamil Ceftaroline fosamil may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Lornoxicam Lornoxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Aceclofenac Aceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.
Zaltoprofen Zaltoprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Hydroxocobalamin which could result in a higher serum level.

Target Protein

Methionine synthase MTR
Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, mitochondrial MMUT
Methylmalonic aciduria type A protein, mitochondrial MMAA
Transcobalamin-1 TCN1
Protein amnionless AMN
Cubilin CUBN
Cyanocobalamin reductase / alkylcobalamin dealkylase MMACHC

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Takayuki Hirayama, Takashi Kiyota, "Process for production of hydroxocobalamin." U.S. Patent US5338418, issued June, 1982.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 14585166
    Seetharam B, Yammani RR: Cobalamin transport proteins and their cell-surface receptors. Expert Rev Mol Med. 2003 Jun 13;5(18):1-18.

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