Peringatan Keamanan

There is no data available for effects in pregnancy, breast feeding, hepatic impairment, or renal impairment. However, it appears that the process of vitamin E elimination is strict and self regulating enough that vitamin E toxicity is exceedingly rareA176137,A176210. Studies showing adverse effects from excess vitamin E generally involve people consuming more than 1000mg/day for weeks to monthsL3063.

Vitamin E

DB00163

small molecule approved nutraceutical vet_approved

Deskripsi

In 1922, vitamin E was demonstrated to be an essential nutrientA32448. Vitamin E is a term used to describe 8 different fat soluble tocopherols and tocotrienols, alpha-tocopherol being the most biologically activeA176104. Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from oxidative damageA176104. The antioxidant effects are currently being researched for use in the treatment of diseases causing bone loss, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and associated comorbidities, eye diseases, inflammatory diseases (including skin conditions), lipid disorders, neurological diseases, and radiation damageA176369. Though this research is so far inconclusive, vitamin E remains a popular supplement and is generally considered safe by the FDAFDA Label.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 430.7061
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) 44 hours in premature neonates given a 20mg/kg intramuscular injection[A176113]. 12 minutes in intravenous injection of intestinal lymph[A176363].
Volume Distribusi 0.41L/kg in premature neonates given a 20mg/kg intramuscular injection[A176113].
Klirens (Clearance) 6.5mL/hr/kg in premature neonates given a 20mg/kg intramuscular injection[A176113].

Absorpsi

10-33% of deuterium labelled vitamin E is absorbed in the small intestineA176110,L3063. Absorption of Vitamin E is dependant upon absorption of the fat in which it is dissolvedL3063,A176104. For patients with poor fat absorption, a water soluble form of vitamin E may need to be substituted such as tocopheryl polyethylene glycol-1000 succinateL3063. In other studies the oral bioavailability of alpha-tocopherol was 36%, gamma-tocotrienol was 9%A32447. The time to maximum concentration was 9.7 hours for alpha-tocopherol and 2.4 hours for gamma-tocotrienolA32447.

Metabolisme

Alpha and gamma tocopherol are undergo beta oxidation and a process mediated by cytochrome P450s such as CYP4F2, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5A176155. These processes convert alpha and gamma tocopherol to alpha-CEHC (2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(2’-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman) and gamma-CEHC (2,7,8-trimethyl-2-(2’-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman) respectively, however the full process is not knownA176155.

Rute Eliminasi

Alpha tocopherol is excreted in urine as well as bile in the feces mainly as a carboxyethyl-hydrochroman (CEHC) metabolite, but it can be excreted in it's natural form A176137.

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data
  • 1. Take with or without food. High-fat foods may increase absorption of Vitamin E.

Interaksi Obat

404 Data
Lepirudin Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Lepirudin.
Bivalirudin Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Bivalirudin.
Alteplase Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Alteplase.
Urokinase Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Urokinase.
Reteplase Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Reteplase.
Anistreplase Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Anistreplase.
Tenecteplase Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Tenecteplase.
Drotrecogin alfa Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Drotrecogin alfa.
Streptokinase Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Streptokinase.
Dicoumarol Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dicoumarol.
Argatroban Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Argatroban.
Ardeparin Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ardeparin.
Phenindione Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Phenindione.
Fondaparinux Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Fondaparinux.
Pentosan polysulfate Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Pentosan polysulfate.
Phenprocoumon Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Phenprocoumon.
Heparin Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Heparin.
Enoxaparin Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.
4-hydroxycoumarin Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of 4-hydroxycoumarin.
Coumarin Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Coumarin.
Ximelagatran Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ximelagatran.
Desmoteplase Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Desmoteplase.
Ancrod Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod.
Rivaroxaban Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Rivaroxaban.
Sulodexide Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Sulodexide.
Semuloparin Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Semuloparin.
Idraparinux Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Idraparinux.
Apixaban Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Apixaban.
Otamixaban Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Otamixaban.
Amediplase Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Amediplase.
Dabigatran etexilate Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dabigatran etexilate.
Danaparoid Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Danaparoid.
Dalteparin Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dalteparin.
Tinzaparin Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Tinzaparin.
Ethyl biscoumacetate Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ethyl biscoumacetate.
Nadroparin Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Nadroparin.
Ditazole Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ditazole.
Edoxaban Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Edoxaban.
Sodium citrate Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Sodium citrate.
Dextran Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dextran.
Bemiparin Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Bemiparin.
Parnaparin Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Parnaparin.
Desirudin Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Desirudin.
Antithrombin Alfa Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Antithrombin Alfa.
Protein C Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Protein C.
Antithrombin III human Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Antithrombin III human.
Letaxaban Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Letaxaban.
Darexaban Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Darexaban.
Betrixaban Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Betrixaban.
Nafamostat Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Nafamostat.
Monteplase Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Monteplase.
Gabexate Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Gabexate.
Fluindione Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Fluindione.
Protein S human Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Protein S human.
Brinase Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Brinase.
Clorindione Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Clorindione.
Diphenadione Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Diphenadione.
Tioclomarol Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Tioclomarol.
Melagatran Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Melagatran.
Saruplase Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Saruplase.
Tocopherylquinone Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Tocopherylquinone.
Dabigatran Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dabigatran.
(R)-warfarin Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of (R)-warfarin.
(S)-Warfarin Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of (S)-Warfarin.
Warfarin Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Warfarin.
Acenocoumarol Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Acenocoumarol.
Troxerutin Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Troxerutin.
Edetic acid Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Edetic acid.
Reviparin Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Reviparin.
Dermatan sulfate Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dermatan sulfate.
SR-123781A Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of SR-123781A.
Abciximab Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Abciximab.
Eptifibatide Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Eptifibatide.
Ticlopidine Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Ticlopidine.
Anagrelide Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Anagrelide.
Clopidogrel Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Clopidogrel.
Tirofiban Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Tirofiban.
Pentoxifylline Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Pentoxifylline.
Acetylsalicylic acid Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Acetylsalicylic acid.
Dipyridamole Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Dipyridamole.
Sulfinpyrazone Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Sulfinpyrazone.
Cilostazol Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Cilostazol.
Ridogrel Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Ridogrel.
Epoprostenol Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Epoprostenol.
Resveratrol Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Resveratrol.
Nimesulide Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Nimesulide.
Tesmilifene Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Tesmilifene.
Defibrotide Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Defibrotide.
Beraprost Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Beraprost.
Ibudilast Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Ibudilast.
Andrographolide Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Andrographolide.
Caplacizumab Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Caplacizumab.
Prasugrel Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Prasugrel.
Cangrelor Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Cangrelor.
Tranilast Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Tranilast.
Triflusal Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Triflusal.
Ticagrelor Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Ticagrelor.
Vorapaxar Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Vorapaxar.
Trapidil Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Trapidil.
Naftopidil Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Naftopidil.

Target Protein

SEC14-like protein 4 SEC14L4
SEC14-like protein 3 SEC14L3
SEC14-like protein 2 SEC14L2
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 NR1I2
Protein kinase C beta type PRKCB
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase ALOX5
Protein kinase C alpha type PRKCA
Diacylglycerol kinase alpha DGKA
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform PPP2CB
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform PPP2CA

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Ralph E. Close, William Oroshnik, "Synthesis of dehydrophytol and Vitamin E." U.S. Patent US4039591, issued February, 1945.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 28262916
    Okebukola PO, Kansra S, Barrett J: Vitamin E supplementation in people with cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Mar 6;3:CD009422. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009422.pub3.
  • PMID: 15537682
    Miller ER 3rd, Pastor-Barriuso R, Dalal D, Riemersma RA, Appel LJ, Guallar E: Meta-analysis: high-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Jan 4;142(1):37-46. Epub 2004 Nov 10.
  • PMID: 16641396
    Rumbold AR, Crowther CA, Haslam RR, Dekker GA, Robinson JS: Vitamins C and E and the risks of preeclampsia and perinatal complications. N Engl J Med. 2006 Apr 27;354(17):1796-806.
  • PMID: 19133328
    Brigelius-Flohe R: Vitamin E: the shrew waiting to be tamed. Free Radic Biol Med. 2009 Mar 1;46(5):543-54. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.12.007. Epub 2008 Dec 24.
  • PMID: 29165370
    Reboul E: Vitamin E Bioavailability: Mechanisms of Intestinal Absorption in the Spotlight. Antioxidants (Basel). 2017 Nov 22;6(4). pii: antiox6040095. doi: 10.3390/antiox6040095.
  • PMID: 6646880
    Colburn WA, Ehrenkranz RA: Pharmacokinetics of a single intramuscular injection of vitamin E to premature neonates. Pediatr Pharmacol (New York). 1983;3(1):7-14.
  • PMID: 12840655
    Kaempf-Rotzoll DE, Traber MG, Arai H: Vitamin E and transfer proteins. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2003 Jun;14(3):249-54. doi: 10.1097/01.mol.0000073505.41685.09.
  • PMID: 20166147
    Lemaire-Ewing S, Desrumaux C, Neel D, Lagrost L: Vitamin E transport, membrane incorporation and cell metabolism: Is alpha-tocopherol in lipid rafts an oar in the lifeboat? Mol Nutr Food Res. 2010 May;54(5):631-40. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200900445.
Menampilkan 8 dari 14 artikel.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 536 • International brands: 2
Produk
  • 24 Multivitamins + Minerals
    Tablet • - • Oral • Canada • OTC • Approved
  • 50 Plus
    Tablet • - • Oral • Canada • OTC • Approved
  • A.C.E.S. Capsules
    Capsule • - • Oral • Canada • OTC • Approved
  • Aces Caplet
    Tablet • - • Oral • Canada • OTC • Approved
  • Aces Formula/formule A A S
    Capsule • - • Oral • Canada • OTC • Approved
  • Aces Tab
    Tablet • - • Oral • Canada • OTC • Approved
  • Acne C-Patch
    Patch • 0.06 g/2g • Topical • US • OTC
  • Acti-copherols 200 Cap
    Capsule • 200 unit / cap • Oral • Canada • OTC • Approved
Menampilkan 8 dari 536 produk.
International Brands
  • Amino-Opti-E
  • Aquasol E

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.
© 2025 Digital Pharmacy Research - Universitas Esa Unggul