Thiamine toxicity is uncommon; as excesses are readily excreted, although long-term supplementation of amounts larger than 3 gram have been known to cause toxicity. Oral mouse LD50 = 8224 mg/kg, oral rat LD50 = 3710 mg/kg.
Thiamine or thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a colorless compound with the chemical formula C12H17N4OS. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Thiamine decomposes if heated. Thiamine was first discovered by Umetaro Suzuki in Japan when researching how rice bran cured patients of Beriberi. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thiamine plays an important role in helping the body convert carbohydrates and fat into energy. It is essential for normal growth and development and helps to maintain proper functioning of the heart and the nervous and digestive systems. Thiamine cannot be stored in the body; however, once absorbed, the vitamin is concentrated in muscle tissue.
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.
| Tipiracil | The excretion of Tipiracil can be decreased when combined with Thiamine. |
| Varenicline | The excretion of Varenicline can be decreased when combined with Thiamine. |
| Prazosin | The serum concentration of Prazosin can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Solriamfetol | The serum concentration of Solriamfetol can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Ranitidine | The serum concentration of Ranitidine can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Linagliptin | The serum concentration of Linagliptin can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Choline salicylate | The serum concentration of Choline salicylate can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Metformin | The serum concentration of Metformin can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Norepinephrine | The serum concentration of Norepinephrine can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Reserpine | The serum concentration of Reserpine can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Pramipexole | The serum concentration of Pramipexole can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Cimetidine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cimetidine is combined with Thiamine. |
| Epinephrine | The serum concentration of Epinephrine can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Lamivudine | The serum concentration of Lamivudine can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Amantadine | The serum concentration of Amantadine can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Dopamine | The serum concentration of Dopamine can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Memantine | The serum concentration of Memantine can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Histamine | The serum concentration of Histamine can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Agmatine | The serum concentration of Agmatine can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Nafamostat | The serum concentration of Nafamostat can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Nicotine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nicotine is combined with Thiamine. |
| Nelfinavir | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nelfinavir is combined with Thiamine. |
| Indinavir | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Indinavir is combined with Thiamine. |
| Nevirapine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nevirapine is combined with Thiamine. |
| Disopyramide | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Disopyramide is combined with Thiamine. |
| Codeine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Codeine is combined with Thiamine. |
| Progesterone | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Progesterone is combined with Thiamine. |
| Quinine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Quinine is combined with Thiamine. |
| Guanidine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Guanidine is combined with Thiamine. |
| Doxazosin | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Doxazosin is combined with Thiamine. |
| Efavirenz | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Efavirenz is combined with Thiamine. |
| Verapamil | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Thiamine. |
| Rocuronium | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Rocuronium is combined with Thiamine. |
| Clopidogrel | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Clopidogrel is combined with Thiamine. |
| Acyclovir | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Acyclovir is combined with Thiamine. |
| Quinidine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Quinidine is combined with Thiamine. |
| Phenformin | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Phenformin is combined with Thiamine. |
| Dinoprostone | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dinoprostone is combined with Thiamine. |
| Phenoxybenzamine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Phenoxybenzamine is combined with Thiamine. |
| Ganciclovir | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ganciclovir is combined with Thiamine. |
| Probenecid | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Probenecid is combined with Thiamine. |
| Chlorpheniramine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chlorpheniramine is combined with Thiamine. |
| Desipramine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desipramine is combined with Thiamine. |
| Saquinavir | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Saquinavir is combined with Thiamine. |
| Pancuronium | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pancuronium is combined with Thiamine. |
| Palbociclib | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Palbociclib is combined with Thiamine. |
| Dexchlorpheniramine maleate | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dexchlorpheniramine maleate is combined with Thiamine. |
| Pitolisant | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pitolisant is combined with Thiamine. |
| Dacomitinib | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dacomitinib is combined with Thiamine. |
| Gilteritinib | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gilteritinib is combined with Thiamine. |
| Estradiol acetate | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Estradiol acetate is combined with Thiamine. |
| Estradiol benzoate | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Estradiol benzoate is combined with Thiamine. |
| Estradiol cypionate | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Estradiol cypionate is combined with Thiamine. |
| Estradiol dienanthate | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Estradiol dienanthate is combined with Thiamine. |
| Estradiol valerate | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Estradiol valerate is combined with Thiamine. |
| Dronedarone | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dronedarone is combined with Thiamine. |
| Formoterol | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Formoterol is combined with Thiamine. |
| Guanfacine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Guanfacine is combined with Thiamine. |
| Salmeterol | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Salmeterol is combined with Thiamine. |
| Dofetilide | The serum concentration of Dofetilide can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Cisplatin | The serum concentration of Cisplatin can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Oxaliplatin | The serum concentration of Oxaliplatin can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Procainamide | The serum concentration of Procainamide can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Dalfampridine | The serum concentration of Dalfampridine can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Clofarabine | The serum concentration of Clofarabine can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Gentamicin | The serum concentration of Gentamicin can be increased when it is combined with Thiamine. |
| Pacritinib | The serum concentration of Thiamine can be increased when it is combined with Pacritinib. |
| Patiromer | Patiromer can cause a decrease in the absorption of Thiamine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |