Peringatan Keamanan

Glutamate causes neuronal damage and eventual cell death, particularly when NMDA receptors are activated, High dosages of glutamic acid may include symptoms such as headaches and neurological problems.

Glutamic acid

DB00142

small molecule approved nutraceutical

Deskripsi

A peptide that is a homopolymer of glutamic acid.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 147.1293
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: ObatTargetGenEnzim(Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi)TransporterCarrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) -
Volume Distribusi -
Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into the enterocytes.Absorption is efficient and occurs by an active transport mechanism.

Metabolisme

Hepatic

Rute Eliminasi

Data eliminasi belum tersedia.

Interaksi Obat

23 Data
Amphetamine The serum concentration of Amphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
Phentermine The serum concentration of Phentermine can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
Pseudoephedrine The serum concentration of Pseudoephedrine can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
Benzphetamine The serum concentration of Benzphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
Diethylpropion The serum concentration of Diethylpropion can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
Lisdexamfetamine The serum concentration of Lisdexamfetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
Mephentermine The serum concentration of Mephentermine can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
MMDA The serum concentration of MMDA can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
Midomafetamine The serum concentration of Midomafetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine The serum concentration of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine The serum concentration of 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
Tenamfetamine The serum concentration of Tenamfetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
Chlorphentermine The serum concentration of Chlorphentermine can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
Methylenedioxyethamphetamine The serum concentration of Methylenedioxyethamphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
Dextroamphetamine The serum concentration of Dextroamphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
Metamfetamine The serum concentration of Metamfetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
Iofetamine I-123 The serum concentration of Iofetamine I-123 can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
Ritobegron The serum concentration of Ritobegron can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
Mephedrone The serum concentration of Mephedrone can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
Methoxyphenamine The serum concentration of Methoxyphenamine can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
Gepefrine The serum concentration of Gepefrine can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine The serum concentration of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.
Phendimetrazine The serum concentration of Phendimetrazine can be decreased when it is combined with Glutamic acid.

Target Protein

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 GRM1
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 GRM4
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4 GRIK4
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5 GRIK5
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 GRM7
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 GRM8
Excitatory amino acid transporter 5 SLC1A7
5-oxoprolinase OPLAH
Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase PFAS
Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial BCAT2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D GRIN2D
Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial GLS
Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial GOT2
Bifunctional glutamate/proline--tRNA ligase EPRS1
Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] ASNS
Glutamine synthetase GLUL
Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic GOT1
Tyrosine aminotransferase TAT
Alanine aminotransferase 1 GPT
Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase GGCX
Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 SLC1A3
Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 SLC1A2
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 SLC1A1
Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit GCLC
Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 SLC1A6
Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial GLUD2
GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] GMPS
Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic BCAT1
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial ABAT
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 GRIN1
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial FPGS
Glutamyl aminopeptidase ENPEP
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A GRIN2A
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B GRIN2B
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C GRIN2C
Nondiscriminating glutamyl-tRNA synthetase EARS2, mitochondrial EARS2
Glutamine-dependent NAD(+) synthetase NADSYN1
N-acetylglutamate synthase, mitochondrial NAGS
Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase, mitochondrial AADAT
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A GRIN3A
Alanine aminotransferase 2 GPT2
Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial AASS
Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial GLS2
Aspartyl aminopeptidase DNPEP
Cystine/glutamate transporter SLC7A11
Carboxypeptidase Q CPQ
Phosphoserine aminotransferase PSAT1
Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial GLUD1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 GRIK1
Glutamate receptor 1 GRIA1
Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit GCLM
Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 FOLH1
Glutamate decarboxylase 2 GAD2
Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD1
Formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase FTCD
Glutamate receptor 2 GRIA2
Glutamate receptor 3 GRIA3
Glutamate receptor 4 GRIA4
Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase ALDH18A1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2 GRIK2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3 GRIK3
Aspartate aminotransferase GOT1

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Nobuharu Tujimoto, Yoshimi Kikuchi, Osamu Kurahashi, Yoshiko Kawahara, "Mutant Escherichia coli capable of enhanced L-glutamic acid production." U.S. Patent US5393671, issued August, 1960.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 10736373
    Smith QR: Transport of glutamate and other amino acids at the blood-brain barrier. J Nutr. 2000 Apr;130(4S Suppl):1016S-22S.
  • PMID: 15939876
    Okumoto S, Looger LL, Micheva KD, Reimer RJ, Smith SJ, Frommer WB: Detection of glutamate release from neurons by genetically encoded surface-displayed FRET nanosensors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jun 14;102(24):8740-5. Epub 2005 Jun 6.
  • PMID: 10736365
    Reeds PJ, Burrin DG, Stoll B, Jahoor F: Intestinal glutamate metabolism. J Nutr. 2000 Apr;130(4S Suppl):978S-82S.
  • PMID: 7901400
    Corrie JE, DeSantis A, Katayama Y, Khodakhah K, Messenger JB, Ogden DC, Trentham DR: Postsynaptic activation at the squid giant synapse by photolytic release of L-glutamate from a 'caged' L-glutamate. J Physiol. 1993 Jun;465:1-8.
  • PMID: 17202478
    Augustin H, Grosjean Y, Chen K, Sheng Q, Featherstone DE: Nonvesicular release of glutamate by glial xCT transporters suppresses glutamate receptor clustering in vivo. J Neurosci. 2007 Jan 3;27(1):111-23.
  • PMID: 22876026
    Sookoian S, Pirola CJ: Alanine and aspartate aminotransferase and glutamine-cycling pathway: their roles in pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Aug 7;18(29):3775-81. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i29.3775.

Contoh Produk & Brand

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Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

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