Peringatan Keamanan

The intraperitoneal LD50 of botulinum toxin A in mice is 160 ng/kg.L32654 An overdose of botulinum toxin A is expected to produce neuromuscular weakness, manifested by a variety of symptoms that may not appear immediately after injection. Dysphagia, dysphonia, weakness, dyspnea or respiratory distress may indicate distant spread of botulinum toxin A effects.A231884 If an overdose is suspected or confirmed, patients should be monitored for several weeks closely for local and distant neurologic effects. Hospitalization or further medical evaluation and appropriate intervention should be provided immediately.L32494

Botulinum toxin type A

DB00083

biotech approved investigational

Deskripsi

In 2002, botulinum toxin A, also known as onabotulinumtoxinA or Botox, was the first type A botulism toxin to be introduced into the market for cosmetic use.A231824 With a wide variety of applications and favourable safety profile, Botulinum toxin A injection is a minimally invasive and promising treatment for cosmetic imperfections, muscle spasms, and other conditions.A231819,L32569 A popular use for Botox is the treatment of facial wrinkles and lines, however, there are many uses for the botulinum toxin A in the treatment of dystonia, incontinence, migraine, blepharospasm, and hyperhidrosis.L32494,L32559

Struktur Molekul 2D

Struktur tidak tersedia

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) There is no readily available data about the pharmacokinetics of botulinum toxin in humans.[L32494] The elimination half-life for non-metabolized botulinum toxin in blood and serum ranged from 230 to 260 min in a pharmacokinetic study of rats and mice.[A231854]
Volume Distribusi There are extremely limited data about the pharmacokinetics of botulinum toxin in humans.[L32494] An animal study demonstrated that botulinum toxin accumulates in the liver and spleen in rats and mice when injected subcutaneously or administered intranasally.[A231854]
Klirens (Clearance) Clearance information for botulinum A toxin is not readily available in the literature.[A231854,L32494]

Absorpsi

The chemical complexity of botulinum toxin type A combined with its extreme potency limits the opportunity to study its pharmacokinetic profile in humans.L32494 For this reason, human pharmacokinetic studies have not been performed. Animal studies using radio labeled botulinum toxin suggest it is absorbed systemically after subcutaneous and intranasal administration. Clinical relevance is unknown.A231854

Metabolisme

Metabolism information for botulinum A toxin is not readily available in the literature.A231854,L32494

Rute Eliminasi

Elimination information for botulinum A toxin is not readily available in the literature.A231854,L32494

Interaksi Obat

901 Data
Buprenorphine Botulinum toxin type A may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Buprenorphine.
Doxylamine Doxylamine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Botulinum toxin type A.
Dronabinol Dronabinol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Botulinum toxin type A.
Droperidol Droperidol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Botulinum toxin type A.
Hydrocodone Botulinum toxin type A may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Hydrocodone.
Hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Botulinum toxin type A.
Magnesium sulfate The therapeutic efficacy of Botulinum toxin type A can be increased when used in combination with Magnesium sulfate.
Metyrosine Botulinum toxin type A may increase the sedative activities of Metyrosine.
Minocycline Minocycline may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Botulinum toxin type A.
Mirtazapine Botulinum toxin type A may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Mirtazapine.
Nabilone Nabilone may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Botulinum toxin type A.
Paraldehyde Botulinum toxin type A may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde.
Perampanel Perampanel may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Botulinum toxin type A.
Pramipexole Botulinum toxin type A may increase the sedative activities of Pramipexole.
Ropinirole Botulinum toxin type A may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Rotigotine Botulinum toxin type A may increase the sedative activities of Rotigotine.
Rufinamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Rufinamide is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Sodium oxybate The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Botulinum toxin type A is combined with Sodium oxybate.
Suvorexant Botulinum toxin type A may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Suvorexant.
Tapentadol Tapentadol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Botulinum toxin type A.
Thalidomide Botulinum toxin type A may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Thalidomide.
Zolpidem Botulinum toxin type A may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Zolpidem.
Succinylcholine The therapeutic efficacy of Succinylcholine can be increased when used in combination with Botulinum toxin type A.
Decamethonium The therapeutic efficacy of Decamethonium can be increased when used in combination with Botulinum toxin type A.
Pyrantel The therapeutic efficacy of Pyrantel can be increased when used in combination with Botulinum toxin type A.
Neosaxitoxin The therapeutic efficacy of Neosaxitoxin can be increased when used in combination with Botulinum toxin type A.
Methadone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methadone is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Tramadol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tramadol is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Trospium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trospium is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Oxyphenonium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxyphenonium is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Butabarbital The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Butabarbital is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Butalbital The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Butalbital is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Benzatropine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzatropine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Ziprasidone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ziprasidone is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Disopyramide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Disopyramide is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Talbutal The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Talbutal is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Pentobarbital The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentobarbital is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Amitriptyline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amitriptyline is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Ipratropium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Olanzapine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Olanzapine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Metixene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Metixene is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Terfenadine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Terfenadine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Buclizine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Buclizine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Clozapine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Clozapine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Trihexyphenidyl The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Oxyphencyclimine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxyphencyclimine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Procyclidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Procyclidine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Profenamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Profenamine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Metocurine iodide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Metocurine iodide is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Secobarbital The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Secobarbital is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Promazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Promazine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Hyoscyamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hyoscyamine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Cyproheptadine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cyproheptadine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Imipramine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Imipramine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Methscopolamine bromide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methscopolamine bromide is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Metharbital The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Metharbital is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Fluoxetine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fluoxetine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Chlorpromazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chlorpromazine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Gallamine triethiodide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gallamine triethiodide is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Darifenacin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Darifenacin is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Tridihexethyl The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tridihexethyl is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Triflupromazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Triflupromazine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Dextromethorphan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dextromethorphan is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Anisotropine methylbromide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Anisotropine methylbromide is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Nortriptyline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nortriptyline is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Amoxapine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amoxapine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Lamotrigine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Botulinum toxin type A is combined with Lamotrigine.
Cisatracurium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cisatracurium is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Atropine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Atropine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Thiopental The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Thiopental is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Nicardipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nicardipine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Mecamylamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mecamylamine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Pirenzepine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pirenzepine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Paroxetine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Paroxetine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Procaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Procaine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Homatropine methylbromide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Homatropine methylbromide is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Rocuronium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Rocuronium is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Atracurium besylate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Atracurium besylate is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Scopolamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Scopolamine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Isoflurane The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Benzquinamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzquinamide is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Clidinium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Clidinium is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Propiomazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Propiomazine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Propantheline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Propantheline is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Primidone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Primidone is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Dicyclomine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dicyclomine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Biperiden The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Biperiden is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Brompheniramine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Brompheniramine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Methylphenobarbital The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methylphenobarbital is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Cocaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cocaine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Quinidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Quinidine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Amantadine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amantadine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Maprotiline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Maprotiline is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Methantheline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methantheline is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Hexafluronium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hexafluronium is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Cycrimine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cycrimine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Desloratadine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desloratadine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Glycopyrronium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Glycopyrronium is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Tolterodine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tolterodine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Oxybutynin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxybutynin is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.

Target Protein

Synaptosomal-associated protein 25 SNAP25
Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoB RHOB

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Alexander Zabudkin, Jun Krasnopolsky, Aleksandr Itkin, Dmitry Itkin.(2003). Pharmaceutical preparation of botulinum neurotoxin, methods of synthesis and methods of clinical use (US). Patent number WO2003101483A1.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 15907915
    Montecucco C, Molgo J: Botulinal neurotoxins: revival of an old killer. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2005 Jun;5(3):274-9.
  • PMID: 10534247
    Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M: Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia. Neurology. 1999 Oct 22;53(7):1431-8.
  • PMID: 15839401
    Shukla HD, Sharma SK: Clostridium botulinum: a bug with beauty and weapon. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2005;31(1):11-8.
  • PMID: 15887434
    Eisenach JH, Atkinson JL, Fealey RD: Hyperhidrosis: evolving therapies for a well-established phenomenon. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005 May;80(5):657-66.
  • PMID: 15928517
    Schurch B, Corcos J: Botulinum toxin injections for paediatric incontinence. Curr Opin Urol. 2005 Jul;15(4):264-7.
  • PMID: 20418969
    Nigam PK, Nigam A: Botulinum toxin. Indian J Dermatol. 2010;55(1):8-14. doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.60343.
  • PMID: 15265242
    Naumann M, Jankovic J: Safety of botulinum toxin type A: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Med Res Opin. 2004 Jul;20(7):981-90. doi: 10.1185/030079904125003962.
  • PMID: 23515199
    Lorenc ZP, Kenkel JM, Fagien S, Hirmand H, Nestor MS, Sclafani AP, Sykes JM, Waldorf HA: A review of onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox). Aesthet Surg J. 2013 Mar;33(1 Suppl):9S-12S. doi: 10.1177/1090820X12474629.
Menampilkan 8 dari 14 artikel.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 17 • International brands: 0
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