Peringatan Keamanan

The oral LD₅₀ is 242 mg/kg in rats and 828 mg/kg in mice. The inhalatory LD₅₀ is 710 mg/m³ and dermal LD₅₀ is 1100 mg/kg in rats. The intraperitoneal LD₅₀ in mice is 828 mg/kg.^L31528

Hypoglycemia followed by hyperglycemia, possibly with fluid retention, can be observed in somatropin overdose. Long-term or excessive use of growth hormone can lead to the signs and symptoms of gigantism and acromegaly.^L10971

Somatotropin

DB00052

biotech approved investigational

Deskripsi

Human growth hormone (HGH), also known as somatotropin, is a peptide hormone that is synthesized and secreted by the somatotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland.^A228183 Growth hormone plays an essential role in growth regulation during childhood as well as other basal metabolic functions, muscle and fat mass regulation, blood glucose level regulation, and lipid regulation in both children and adults.A228183, L31508 Synthesized in a strain of Escherichia coli, recombinant HGH is a polypeptide hormone that contains 191 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 22 kDa. It has an identical primary protein structure to endogenous human growth hormone.^A228188 Recombinant HGH has been commercially available since 1985 after its development by Genentech. Somatrem was the first available recombinant HGH and was largely replaced by somatropin, another form of recombinant HGH.^A228183

Growth hormone therapy is approved for various disorders of growth hormone deficiency, growth failure, or short stature including Turner syndrome, chronic renal insufficiency before transplantation, Prader-Willi syndrome, a history of fetal growth restriction, short stature homeobox (SHOX) haploinsufficiency, Noonan syndrome, idiopathic short stature, and adult- or childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency.^A228188 Recombinant growth hormone is available as a subcutaneous injection for children and adults under a wide variety of brand names.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Struktur tidak tersedia

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) When somatotropin was administered subcutaneously at the dose of 0.024 mg/kg or 3 IU/m<sup>2</sup>, the mean apparent terminal half-life was Following intravenous infusion of 33 ng/kg/min of somatotropin in patients with growth hormone deficiency, the terminal elimination half-life was approximately 21.1 (±5.1) minutes.[L10971]

Volume Distribusi Information is unavailable.

Klirens (Clearance) Following intravenous infusion of 33 ng/kg/min of somatotropin in patients with growth hormone deficiency, the mean clearance rate was approximately 2.3 (±1.8) mL/min/kg or 139 (±105) mL/min.[L10971]

Absorpsi

When somatotropin was administered subcutaneously at the dose of 0.024 mg/kg or 3 IU/m², the C_max ranged from 13.8 (±5.8) to 17.1 (±10.0) ng/mL and the T_max was four to five hours. Following intravenous infusion of 33 ng/kg/min of somatotropin in patients with growth hormone deficiency, the mean steady-state serum levels of approximately 23.1 (±15.0) ng/mL were reached at 150 minutes.^L10971

Metabolisme

Information is unavailable.

Rute Eliminasi

Information is unavailable.

Interaksi Obat

421 Data

Cilostazol	The serum concentration of Cilostazol can be increased when it is combined with Somatotropin.
Prednisone	The serum concentration of the active metabolites of Prednisone can be reduced when Prednisone is used in combination with Somatotropin resulting in a loss in efficacy.
Diethylstilbestrol	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Diethylstilbestrol.
Chlorotrianisene	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Chlorotrianisene.
Conjugated estrogens	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Conjugated estrogens.
Estradiol	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Estradiol.
Ethinylestradiol	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Ethinylestradiol.
Mestranol	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Mestranol.
Estrone sulfate	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Estrone sulfate.
Quinestrol	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Quinestrol.
Hexestrol	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Hexestrol.
Tibolone	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Tibolone.
Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens, A	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens, A.
Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens, B	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens, B.
Polyestradiol phosphate	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Polyestradiol phosphate.
Esterified estrogens	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Esterified estrogens.
Zeranol	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Zeranol.
Equol	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Equol.
Methallenestril	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Methallenestril.
Epimestrol	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Epimestrol.
Moxestrol	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Moxestrol.
Estradiol acetate	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Estradiol acetate.
Estradiol valerate	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Estradiol valerate.
Biochanin A	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Biochanin A.
Formononetin	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Formononetin.
Estriol	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Estriol.
Estetrol	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatotropin can be decreased when used in combination with Estetrol.
Cortisone acetate	The serum concentration of the active metabolites of Cortisone acetate can be reduced when Cortisone acetate is used in combination with Somatotropin resulting in a loss in efficacy.
Leuprolide	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Leuprolide is combined with Somatotropin.
Infliximab	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Infliximab.
Daptomycin	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Daptomycin.
Cyclosporine	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Cyclosporine.
Pravastatin	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Pravastatin.
Baclofen	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Baclofen.
Sildenafil	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Sildenafil.
Indinavir	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Indinavir.
Lovastatin	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Lovastatin.
Cladribine	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Cladribine.
Phenytoin	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Phenytoin.
Pamidronic acid	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Pamidronic acid.
Mefloquine	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Mefloquine.
Tacrine	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Tacrine.
Carbimazole	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Carbimazole.
Cerivastatin	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Cerivastatin.
Trimethoprim	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Trimethoprim.
Montelukast	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Montelukast.
Zidovudine	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Zidovudine.
Cimetidine	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Cimetidine.
Ritonavir	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Ritonavir.
Lercanidipine	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Lercanidipine.
Ciprofloxacin	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Ciprofloxacin.
Vincristine	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Vincristine.
Propylthiouracil	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Propylthiouracil.
Methotrexate	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Methotrexate.
Enalapril	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Enalapril.
Nizatidine	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Nizatidine.
Ivermectin	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Ivermectin.
Chloroquine	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Chloroquine.
Niacin	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Niacin.
Alendronic acid	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Alendronic acid.
Clofibrate	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Clofibrate.
Simvastatin	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Simvastatin.
Stavudine	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Stavudine.
Nafarelin	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Nafarelin.
Amphotericin B	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Amphotericin B.
Mycophenolate mofetil	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Mycophenolate mofetil.
Lamivudine	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Lamivudine.
Ibandronate	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Ibandronate.
Propofol	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Propofol.
Terbinafine	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Terbinafine.
Penicillamine	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Penicillamine.
Ranitidine	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Ranitidine.
Tacrolimus	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Tacrolimus.
Eprosartan	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Eprosartan.
Risedronic acid	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Risedronic acid.
Bumetanide	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Bumetanide.
Triazolam	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Triazolam.
Ethanol	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Ethanol.
Salmeterol	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Salmeterol.
Isoniazid	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Isoniazid.
Methyldopa	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Methyldopa.
Isotretinoin	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Isotretinoin.
Cytarabine	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Cytarabine.
Ganciclovir	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Ganciclovir.
Letrozole	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Letrozole.
Minocycline	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Minocycline.
Procainamide	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Procainamide.
Fenofibrate	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Fenofibrate.
Norfloxacin	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Norfloxacin.
Atorvastatin	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Atorvastatin.
Fluvastatin	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Fluvastatin.
Leflunomide	The metabolism of Leflunomide can be increased when combined with Somatotropin.
Rosuvastatin	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Rosuvastatin.
Amiodarone	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Amiodarone.
Ofloxacin	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Ofloxacin.
Procarbazine	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Procarbazine.
Captopril	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Captopril.
Paclitaxel	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Paclitaxel.
Saquinavir	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Saquinavir.
Metoclopramide	The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Somatotropin is combined with Metoclopramide.

Target Protein

Growth hormone receptor GHR

Prolactin receptor PRLR

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Mandayam J. Narasimhan, John A. Anderson, "Process for the large scale production of human growth hormone by serial secondary suspension culture." U.S. Patent US4124448, issued January, 1963.

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 22291494
Reh CS, Geffner ME: Somatotropin in the treatment of growth hormone deficiency and Turner syndrome in pediatric patients: a review. Clin Pharmacol. 2010;2:111-22. doi: 10.2147/CPAA.S6525. Epub 2010 Jun 1.
PMID: 29197220
Mehta S, Oza V, Potashner R, Zamora P, Raisingani M, Shah B: Allergic and non-allergic skin reactions associated with growth hormone therapy: elucidation of causative agents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Jan 26;31(1):5-11. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2017-0309.
PMID: 3047155
Glenn KC, Rose KS, Krivi GG: Somatotropin antagonism of insulin-stimulated glucose utilization in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Cell Biochem. 1988 Aug;37(4):371-83. doi: 10.1002/jcb.240370405.
PMID: 29025199
Kim SH, Park MJ: Effects of growth hormone on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in human. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Sep;22(3):145-152. doi: 10.6065/apem.2017.22.3.145. Epub 2017 Sep 28.
PMID: 17634080
Langbakke IH, Nielsen JN, Skettrup MP, Harper A, Klitgaard T, Weil A, Engelhardt E, Lange M: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of growth hormone in patients on chronic haemodialysis compared with matched healthy subjects: an open, nonrandomized, parallel-group trial. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007 Nov;67(5):776-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02962.x. Epub 2007 Jul 18.
PMID: 2380341
Baumann G, Vance ML, Shaw MA, Thorner MO: Plasma transport of human growth hormone in vivo. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990 Aug;71(2):470-3. doi: 10.1210/jcem-71-2-470.

Link

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 134 • International brands: 1

Produk

Bio-tropin

Liquid; Powder, for solution • - • Subcutaneous • Canada • Approved
Bio-tropin

Liquid; Powder, for solution • - • Subcutaneous • Canada • Approved
Genotropin

Kit • 0.2 mg/0.25mL • Subcutaneous • US • Approved
Genotropin

Kit • 0.4 mg/0.25mL • Subcutaneous • US • Approved
Genotropin

Kit • 0.6 mg/0.25mL • Subcutaneous • US • Approved
Genotropin

Kit • 0.8 mg/0.25mL • Subcutaneous • US • Approved
Genotropin

Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution; Kit • 5 mg/1mL • Subcutaneous • US • Approved
Genotropin

Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution; Kit • 12 mg/1mL • Subcutaneous • US • Approved

Menampilkan 8 dari 134 produk.

International Brands

BioTropin — Biotech General

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.