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An important regulator of gene expression during growth and development, and in neoplasms. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal vitamin A, is essential for normal growth; and embryonic development. An excess of tretinoin can be ter…
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Astaxanthin is a keto-carotenoid in the terpenes class of chemical compounds. It is classified as a xanthophyll but it is a carotenoid with no vitamin A activity. It is found in the majority of aquatic organisms with red pigment. Astaxanthin has shown to medi…
Beta-carotene, with the molecular formula C40H56, belongs to the group of carotenoids consisting of isoprene units. The presence of long chains of conjugated double bonds donates beta-carotene with specific colors.[T162] It is the most abundant form of carote…
Cod liver oil is extracted from the liver of cod fish and mainly consists of omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Also being a rich source of vitamin A and D, cod liver oil can be taken orally as daily supplements. …
Inositol is a collection of nine different stereoisomers but the name is usually used to describe only the most common type of inositol, myo-inositol. Myo-inositol is the cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-cyclohexanehexol and it is prepared from an aqueous extract of cor…
Isotretinoin is a retinoid derivative of vitamin A used in the treatment of severe recalcitrant acne.[Label] It was most widely marketed under the brand name Accutane, which has since been discontinued.[L6574] Isotretinoin is associated with major risks in pr…
Lycopene is a naturally occurring red carotenoid pigment that is responsible for red to pink colors seen in tomatoes, pink grapefruit, and other foods [A27242]. Having a chemical formula of C40H56, lycopene is a tetraterpene assembled from eight isoprene unit…
N-Ethylretinamide is the ethylamide of all-trans B-retinoic acid.
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP), with an estimated worldwide prevalence of one in 2 million individuals, is an exceptionally rare genetic disorder.[A244920] FOP is caused by a gain-of-function mutation in the ACVR1/ALK2 gene which results in progr…
An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phosph…
Vitamin A-analog that increases diffusivity of oxygen in aqueous solutions, including plasma.
Tretinoin, also known as all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), is a naturally occurring derivative of [vitamin A] (retinol).[A257474] It is an oxidation product in the physiological pathway of vitamin A metabolism.[A257689] In human circulation, tretinoin is normal…
Trifarotene is a topical retinoid cream used in the treatment of acne vulgaris that was first approved for use in the United States in October 2019.[L9013] Retinoids are a class of medications structurally and functionally analogous to [vitamin A], though lat…
Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a varie…