2'-Deoxyuridine. An antimetabolite that is converted to deoxyuridine triphosphate during DNA synthesis. Laboratory suppression of deoxyuridine is used to diagnose megaloblastic anemias due to vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies. [PubChem]

A product from the iodination of MONOIODOTYROSINE. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, diiodotyrosine residues are coupled with other monoiodotyrosine or diiodotyrosine residues to form T4 or T3 thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE). [PubCh…

The key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.

?-Methylacetylfentanyl is an analog of fentanyl with opioid analgesic properties. It was categorized under the Schedule I in the US and it was illegally sold in early 1980. ?-Methylacetylfentanyl synthesis process is very similar to ?-methylfentanyl with the …

Abiraterone is a potent, irreversible, and selective inhibitor of 17 ?hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase (CYP17), an enzyme expressed in testicular, adrenal, and prostatic tumour tissues, to regulate androgen biosynthesis.[A3811, A260880, L40968] Abiraterone was first …

ABX1100 is an investigational Centyrin-siRNA conjugate that targets the Gys1 gene, which encodes glycogen synthase 1 (Gys1), an enzyme that is responsible for glycogen synthesis in the muscle. It was first developed by Aro Biotherapeutics and is being investi…

Aceclofenac is an oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with marked anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties used to treat osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. It is reported to have a higher anti-inflammatory action …

Sulfisoxazole acetyl is an ester of _sulfisoxazole_, a broad-spectrum sulfanilamide and a synthetic analog of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) with antibacterial activity. Sulfisoxazole acetyl competes with PABA for the bacterial enzyme, _dihydropteroate synthas…

AM103 is a novel inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase-activiting protein (FLAP) that has demonstrated potential to treat asthma and cardiovascular disease by preventing the synthesis of LT, which triggers inflammation. It is being developed by Amira.

An antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A. It is also used as an antiparkinsonian agent, to treat extrapyramidal reactions, and for postherpetic neuralgia. The mechanisms of its effects in movement disorders are not…

Ambroxol is a secretolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory diseases associated with viscid or excessive mucus. It is the active ingredient of Mucosolvan, Lasolvan or Mucoangin. The substance is a mucoactive drug with several properties including se…

A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and glycine as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a photochemotherapy for actinic keratosis. [PubChem]

Amitraz is a non-systemic acaricide and insecticide. It was generated in 1969 by the Boots Co. in England. Amitraz presents insect repellent effects and hence, it can be used as an insecticide and pesticide. Its insecticide effect is due to its agonistic acti…

Ammonia is a naturally-occurring compound with a chemical formula NH3 and structure of trigonal pyramidal geometry. It is a colorless gas with a pungent smell, and become NH4, or ammonium ion, when in water. Although ammonia is used as a food additive in the …

Amorolfine or amorolfin, is a morpholine antifungal drug that inhibits the fungal enzymes D14 reductase and D7-D8 isomerase. This inhibition affects fungal sterol synthesis pathways, depleting ergosterol and causing ignosterol to accumulate in the fungal cyto…

Androstenediol is an intermediate in [testosterone] biosynthesis, found in the testis or the adrenal glands. Androstenediol, derived from dehydroepiandrosterone by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases), is converted to testoste…

Anisomycin (sometimes known as flagecidin), is an antibiotic retrieved from the bacteria _Streptomyces griseolus_. This drug acts to inhibit bacterial protein and DNA synthesis.

An unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid and is a precursor in the bio…

Extracted from the dried leaves of bearberry plant in the genus _Arctostaphylos_ and other plants commonly in the _Ericaceae_ family, arbutin is a beta-D-glucopyranoside of [DB09526]. It is found in foods, over-the-counter drugs, and herbal dietary supplement…

Asparaginase _Erwinia chrysanthemi_ is an asparaginase-specific enzyme derived from _Erwinia_ _chrysanthemi_ used as an anticancer agent. It works by depleting the stores of an important amino acid called asparagine, which is involved in DNA synthesis and cel…

ATL1101 is a second-generation antisense drug designed to block the synthesis of the IGF-1 receptor, a protein involved in the regulation of cell overgrowth in psoriasis. ATL1101 is being developed as a cream for the topical treatment of mild to moderate case…

AVN944 is a biotech drug that demonstrated a statistically meaningful impact on IMPDH and other proteins that are critical to activities in cancer cells, including nucleotide biosynthesis, energy and metabolism, DNA replication, apoptosis and cell cycle contr…

Azacitidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside analogue with anti-neoplastic activity. It differs from cytosine by the presence of nitrogen in the C5-position, key in its hypomethylating activity.[A1406,A1413,A1415] Two main mechanisms of action have been proposed fo…

Azelaic acid is a saturated dicarboxylic acid found naturally in wheat, rye, and barley. It is also produced by _Malassezia furfur_, also known as _Pityrosporum ovale_, which is a species of fungus that is normally found on human skin. Azelaic acid is effecti…

Bacampicillin is a prodrug of ampicillin and is microbiologically inactive. It is absorbed following oral administration. During absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, bacampicillin is hydrolyzed by esterases present in the intestinal wall. It is microbi…

Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) is a single-chain polypeptide growth factor that plays a significant role in the process of wound healing and is a potent inducer of physiologic angiogenesis. Several different forms of the human protein exist ranging fro…

Betibeglogene autotemcel is an autologous gene therapy that adds functional copies of the ?-globin gene (?^A-T87Q-globin) to hematopoietic stem cells in order to treat ?-thalassemia.[L42940] ?-thalassemia is a condition caused by mutations in the ?-…

Boceprevir is a direct acting antiviral medication used as part of combination therapy to treat chronic Hepatitis C, an infectious liver disease caused by infection with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). HCV is a single-stranded RNA virus that is categorized into nine…

Bromelain is a protease enzyme derived from the stems of pineapples that is composed of a mixture of different thiol endopeptidases and other components like phosphatase, glucosidase, peroxidase, cellulase, escharase, and several protease inhibitors [A27198].…

Butenafine hydrochloride is a synthetic benzylamine antifungal agent. Butenafine's mechanism of action is believed to involve the synthesis inhibition of sterols. In particular, butenafine acts to inhibit the activity of the squalene epoxidase enzyme that is …

Asparaginase is an important agent used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) [A40270]. Asparagine is incorporated into most proteins, and the synthesis of proteins is stopped when asparagine is absent, which inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis, resulting i…

Calcitriol is an active metabolite of vitamin D with 3 hydroxyl (OH) groups and is commonly referred to as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, or 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃. It is produced in the body after series…

Cannabidivarin, also known as cannabidivarol or CBDV, is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found within [DB14009]. It is one of over 100 cannabinoids identified from the Cannabis plant that can modulate the physiological activity of cannabis, or marijuana [A3258…

Capecitabine is an orally-administered chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of metastatic breast and colorectal cancers. Capecitabine is a prodrug, that is enzymatically converted to fluorouracil (antimetabolite) in the tumor, where it inhibits DNA sy…

A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.

Bacteria possess a cell wall comprising a glycopeptide polymer commonly known as peptidoglycan, which is synthesized and remodelled through the action of a family of enzymes known as "penicillin-binding proteins" (PBPs).[A232920] ?-lactam antibiotics, includi…

A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infe…

Cephalexin is the first of the first generation cephalosporins.[A179071,A179074] This antibiotic contains a beta lactam and a dihydrothiazide.[A179071] Cephalexin is used to treat a number of susceptible bacterial infections through inhibition of cell wall s…

Cerulenin is an antifungal agent whose activity interferes with or otherwise acts to prevent the formation of fatty acids and sterols. In fatty acid synthesis, reported to bind in equimolar ratio to b-keto-acyl-ACP synthase. In sterol synthesis, inhibits HMG-…

Cetyl alcohol, also known as 1-hexadecanol or n-hexadecyl alcohol, is a 16-C fatty alcohol with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)15OH. It can be produced from the reduction of palmitic acid. Cetyl alcohol is present in a waxy white powder or flake form at room te…

An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of _Streptomyces venezuelae_ in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein sy…

Cholecystokinin ( also known as _CCK or CCK-PZ_) is a peptide hormone of the gastrointestinal system which is responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein. Cholecystokinin, previously called _pancreozymin_, is synthesized and secreted by enter…

A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion. [PubChem] Cholic acid, formulated as Cholbam capsules, is approved by the United States Food and Drug Adm…

Choline C 11 is a marker for cellular proliferation as its main molecule is a precursor for the biosynthesis of phospholipids which are essential components of all cell membranes.[A32041] It was developed by MCPRF and FDA first approved in September 2012.

Cidofovir is an injectable antiviral medication employed in the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in patients diagnosed with AIDS. It suppresses CMV replication through selective inhibition of viral DNA synthesis.[FDA label] It was manufactured by …

Citicoline is a donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides. It has been investigated for the treatment, supportive care, and diagnosis of Mania, Stroke, Hypomania, Cocaine Abuse, and Bipolar Disorder, among others.

Clarithromycin, a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from erythromycin, inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit. Binding inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with amino acid translocation…

Clobazam belongs to the 1,5-benzodiazepine class of drugs and is marketed under different names, Onfi, Frisium, Urbanyl, and others.[A256868]. Clobazam was first synthesized in 1966 and first published in 1969, following the incidental synthesis and discovery…

Cobamamide is one of the active forms of vitamin B12 that is also known as _adenosylcobalamin_ or _dibencozide_. This drug is available as a nutritional supplement to prevent vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 is a collective term for these variously subs…

Coenzyme A (CoA, CoASH, or HSCoA) is a coenzyme, well known for it's role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. All genomes sequenced to date encode enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate, a…