Ipratropium is a quaternary ammonium derivative of [atropine][A176957] that acts as an anticholinergic agent.[A176939] It is commonly administered through inhalation which allows producing a local effect without presenting a significant systemic absorption.[A…

Tiotropium is a long-acting, antimuscarinic bronchodilator used in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.[A180163,L7084,L7087,L7090,L7093] Tiotropium acts mainly on M3 muscarinic receptors located in the airways to produce …

Xylometazoline is an imidazoline derivative [A228523] with sympathomimetic and nasal decongestant activity. Xylometazoline works by binding to alpha (?)-adrenergic receptors to cause vasoconstriction of nasal blood vessels.[A228508] Xylometazoline is avail…