Bisoxatin is a stimulant laxative which increases peristalsis and inhibits absorbtion of water and ions in the intestine [L926]. It is marketed in Belgium under the tradename Wylaxine and used for the treatment of constipation and for preparation of the colon…

Bivalirudin is a synthetic 20 residue peptide (thrombin inhibitor) which reversibly inhibits thrombin. Once bound to the active site, thrombin cannot activate fibrinogen into fibrin, the crucial step in the formation of thrombus. It is administered intravenou…

Bizalimogene ralaplasmid is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03499795 (VGX-3100 Delivered Intramuscularly (IM) Followed by Electroporation (EP) for the Treatment of HPV-16 And/or HPV-18 Related Anal or Anal/peri-anal, High Grade Squamous Intraepitheli…

Black cohosh (_Actaea racemosa_ or _Cimicifuga racemosa_), a member of the buttercup family, is a perennial plant which native to North America. Historical names for this plant include snakeroot, black bugbane, rattleweed, macrotys, and rheumatism weed. Black…

Blinatumomab is a BiTE-class (bi-specific T-cell engager) constructed monoclonal antibody formed by the recombinant fusion of an anti-CD3 single-chain variable fragment (scFV) and an anti-CD19 scFV through a short peptide linker.[A254836,L44311] CD3 is an ant…

Blonanserin is an atypical antipsychotic approved in Japan in January, 2008. It offers improved tolerability as it lacks side effects such as extrapyramidal symptoms, excessive sedation, or hypotension. As a second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic, it is s…

Blue crab allergenic extract is used in allergenic testing.

BMS-817399 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01404585 (Proof-of-Concept Study With BMS-817399 to Treat Moderate to Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis).

BNT162b1 is one of four advanced mRNA-based vaccines being developed through "Project Lightspeed," a joint program between Pfizer and BioNTech.[L15002, L15007] BNT162b1 is a nucleoside modified mRNA (modRNA) vaccine encoding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) …

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Bordetella pertussis toxoid antigen (formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde inactivated) is a vaccine that is used in the prophylaxis of Pertussis (whooping cough), which is caused by a small Gram-negative coccobacillus that infects the mucosal layers of the human resp…

Boric acid, also known as hydrogen borate, is a weak monobasic Lewis acid of boron with the chemical formula H3BO3. Boric acid is typically utilized in industrial processing and manufacturing, but is also used as an additive in pharmaceutical products, cosmet…

Boron (B) is a chemical element with an atomic number 5 that belongs in the Period 2 and Group 13 in the periodic table. It is a low-abundant metalloid that is a poor electrical conductor at room temperature. Natural boron exists in 2 stable isotopes however …

Bos taurus gallstone is an animal extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug.

BOS172722 is a novel and selective Monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) kinase inhibitor identified as a potential anticancer agent.[A187123] Normally, Mps1 supports the proper division of cancer cells, ensuring survival and replication. The key role of Mps1 in the gro…

Bosutinib is a 7-alkoxy-3-quinolinecarbonitrile that functions as a potent, dual SRC and ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor indicated for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), specifically Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) CML. Philadelphia chromosome is a hall…

Bovine collagen alpha-1 is a naturally occurring extracellular matrix protein which is found in tendons and other connective tissues. It plays a vital role in cell growth, differentiation, attachment, and migration [L2481]. Often combined with other ingredie…

Brazikumab is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03759288 (An Active and Placebo-controlled Study of Brazikumab in Participants With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease).

Bremelanotide is a 7 amino acid peptide used to treat hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women.[L9635] Bremelanotide does not interact with alcohol.[A179686] The mechanism by which bremelanotide's action on receptors translates to a clinical e…

Bremzalerbart is under investigation in clinical trial NCT06602739 (A Study to Demonstrate the Effect of REGN5713-5715 on Reducing Ocular Allergy Signs and Symptoms in Adult Participants With Birch Pollen Allergy).

Brenetafusp is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04262466 (Safety and Efficacy of IMC-F106C as a Single Agent and in Combination With Checkpoint Inhibitors).

Brentuximab vedotin, also known as Adcetris®, is an antibody-drug conjugate that combines an anti-CD30 antibody with the drug monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). It is an anti-neoplastic agent used in the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma and systemic anaplastic la…

Mantle cell lymphoma is a heterogeneous sub-category of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that can be classified as either an aggressive nodal or an indolent leukemic non-nodal variant. Despite the introduction of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors such as [ibrut…

Brifentanil (also known as A-3331) is an analog of fentanyl, a potent opioid. This drug is classified as an opioid analgesic and was developed in the early 1990s. The effects of brifentanil are very similar to those of alfentanil, with strong but short lastin…

Brimonidine is an alpha-adrenergic agonist and 2-imidazoline derivative that was first introduced in 1996.[A178951] It is considered to be a third generation alpha-2 aadrenergic receptor agonist, since it displays preferential binding at alpha-2 adrenoceptors…

Brincidofovir is an oral antiviral drug used in the treatment of human smallpox infections. It is a lipid conjugate pro-drug of the acyclic nucleotide analogue [cidofovir][L34404,A235725] - this lipid conjugate improves drug delivery to the target cells and s…

Brinzolamide is a highly specific, non-competitive, reversible carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) inhibitor indicated to reduce ocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma.[L35310] Although the exact pathophysiology of glaucoma is s…

Brodalumab has been used in trials studying the treatment of Asthma, Psoriasis, Crohn's Disease, Psoriatic Arthritis, and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Brodalumab was FDA approved in February, 2017 as Siliq for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Brolucizumab, also known as RTH258 or ESBA1008,[A187211] is a monoclonal antibody indicated to treat neovascular age related macular degeneration.[L9089] Brolucizumab was granted FDA approval in October 2019.[L9089]

Bromhexine is mucolytic agent used for a variety of respiratory conditions associated with increased mucus secretion. It is derived from the Adhatoda vasica plant and aids in the clearance of excess mucus, improving breathing and reducing cough. It was introd…

Bromothalonil, also known as Methyldibromo glutaronitrile (MDBGN), is a widely used preservative that can be found in many personal hygiene and industrial products. It is also a known allergen and dermatological irritant that has been banned in many EU countr…

Bronopol, or 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, is an organic compound with wide-spectrum antimicrobial properties. First synthesized in 1897, bronopol was primarily used as a preservative for pharmaceuticals and was registered in the United States in 1984 for …

Brotizolam is a sedative-hypnotic thienodiazepine drug which is a benzodiazepine analog. It demonstrates anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant effects. Brotizolam has similar effects to short-acting benzodiazepines such a…

BTA9881 is a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antiviral drug developed by the Australian company Biota Holdings. It is currently in phase I trials.

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Budesonide is a glucocorticoid that is a mix of the 22R and 22S epimer used to treat inflammatory conditions of the lungs and intestines such as asthma, COPD, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.[A188529,A188532] Budesonide was granted FDA approval on …

Buprenorphine is a weak partial mu-opioid receptor agonist and a weak kappa-opioid receptor antagonist used for the treatment of severe pain.[A186283,A186292] It is also commonly used as an alternative to [methadone] for the treatment of severe opioid addicti…

Bupropion (also known as the brand name product Wellbutrin®) is a norepinephrine/dopamine-reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) used most commonly for the management of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), and as an aid for smoking cessatio…

Burlulipase has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lung Diseases, Cystic Fibrosis, Pancreatic Insufficiency, Digestive System Diseases, and Respiratory Tract Diseases.

Burosumab (KRN23) is an entirely human monoclonal IgG1 antibody that binds excess fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and has been successfully tested in clinical trials in children with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets [A32593]. The U.S. Food and Drug …

Buspirone is a novel anxiolytic agent with a unique structure and a pharmacological profile. Belonging to the azaspirodecanedione drug class,[A180991] buspirone is a serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor agonist that is not chemically or pharmacologically rela…

Butabarbital, or Butisol, is a fast onset barbiturate with short duration of action compared to other barbiturates.[A201977,L13613] This makes butabarbital a useful drug for treating severe insomnia and pre-operative anxiety.[A201977,L13613] Butabarbital is l…

Butalbital, or 5-allyl-5-isobutylbarbituric acid, is a derivative of barbituric acid which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. It is a short-to-intermediate acting member of barbiturates that exhibit muscle-rel…

Butamben is a local anesthetic in the form of n-butyl-p-aminobenzoate.[A27147] Its structure corresponds to the standard molecule of a hydrophilic and hydrophobic domain separated by an intermediate ester found in most of the local anesthetics. Due to its ver…

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Butylscopolamine is a peripherally acting antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agent. It is used to treat pain and discomfort caused by abdominal cramps, menstrual cramps, or other spasmodic activity in the digestive system. It is also effective at preventing blad…

A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.

A sulfur-containing analog of butyrylcholine which is hydrolyzed by butyrylcholinesterase to butyrate and thiocholine. It is used as a reagent in the determination of butyrylcholinesterase activity. [PubChem]

CA4P has been shown in the laboratory to shut down the blood supply to tumours. It is one of the first vascular targeting drugs to be tested in patients. This drug was originally isolated from the African Bush Willow. The first studies in patients with this d…

Cabazitaxel is a taxoid synthesized from 10-deacetylbaccatin III, a compound isolated from the yew tree.[A260621] As a second-generation semisynthetic microtubule inhibitor, cabazitaxel stabilizes microtubules and induces tumour cell death.[A7056] Due to its …