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Chromium picolinate has a chemical formula CrPic3 and reddish-pink color. It is a coordination complex consisting of chromium(III) and picolinic acid. Chromium picolinate is used as a nutritional supplement for optimal insulin function in patients with Type 2…
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The ChulaCov19 vaccine is mRNA-based and was developed in Thailand’s Chulalongkorn University in collaboration with the University of Pennsylvania in the US[L30673, L30678]. Pre-clinical studies in mice and monkeys showed evidence that the vaccine facilitates…
Chymopapain was first isolated in 1941 from the crude latex derived from the fruit of Carica papaya by squeezing the green papaya while on the plant prior to harvest.[L2482]It is an extracellular plant cysteine proteinase similar to papain in specificity.[A32…
Chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) is a digestive enzyme that promotes proteolysis, or the breakdown of proteins and polypeptides. It is a serine protease synthesized in the pancreas and is a vital component in the pancreatic juice. Like most proteolytic enzymes, chy…
An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.
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Cibinetide has been used in trials studying the basic science of Depression.
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Ciclesonide is a glucocorticoid used to treat obstructive airway diseases. It is marketed under the brand name Alvesco.
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Ciclopirox olamine (used in preparations called Batrafen, Loprox, Mycoster, Penlac and Stieprox) is a synthetic antifungal agent for topical dermatologic treatment of superficial mycoses. In particular, the agent is especially effective in treating Tinea vers…
Cidofovir is an injectable antiviral medication employed in the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in patients diagnosed with AIDS. It suppresses CMV replication through selective inhibition of viral DNA synthesis.[FDA label] It was manufactured by …
Ciforadenant is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02253745 (Safety, Tolerability, PK & Efficacy of V81444 in Volunteers With Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)).
CIGB 2020 is a vaccine candidate administered nasally and sublingually, working to strengthen immunity in the areas administered. The vaccine was developed and tested by the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), in Havana Cuba. As of July, …
CIGB-300, is under investigation in clinical trials for its potential to treat various conditions, including NCT01639638 (recurrent and nonrecurrent condyloma) and NCT01639625 (squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the cervix)
CIGB-258 is a peptide that is immunoregulatory and derived from heat shock protein 60 of the cellular variant. As of 2020, The Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB) in Havana, Cuba, is testing the treatment efficacy of this peptide in patien…
Developed by Takeda Pharmaceuticals in the early 1980s, it is considered the prototypical compound for the thiazolidinedione class. Ciglitazone was never used as a medication, but it sparked interest in the effects of thiazolidinediones. Several analogues …
Cilansetron is a 5HT-3 antagonist made by Solvay Pharmaceuticals that is currently under trial phase in the EU and US.
Cilastatin is an inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase, an enzyme responsible for both the metabolism of thienamycin beta-lactam antibiotics as well as conversion of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4. Since the antibiotic, [imipenem], is one such antibiotic that…
Cilazapril is an ACE inhibtor class drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. It belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) class of drugs. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main meta…
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Cilengitide has been used in trials studying the treatment of Sarcoma, Gliomas, Lymphoma, Leukemia, and Lung Cancer, among others.
SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, enters cells via the interaction between the trimeric spike (S) glycoprotein and host cell angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Blocking the interaction between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S1 subuni…
NT-501 is an intraocular implant that contains human cells that have been genetically modified to secrete ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF).[L46762] It is under investigation for the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration.
Cilnidipine is a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist. It was jointly developed by Fuji Viscera Pharmaceutical Company, Japan and Ajinomoto, Japan and approved in 1995. Compared with other calcium antagonists, cilnidipine can act on the N-type calcium channel t…
Cilofexor is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02943447 (Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Cilofexor in Adults With Primary Biliary Cholangitis Without Cirrhosis).
Cilomilast (Ariflo, SB-207,499) is a drug which was developed for the treatment of respiratory disorders such as asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). It is orally active and acts as a selective Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor. Following four…
Cilostazol is a quinolinone derivative and antiplatelet agent with vasodilating properties that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of intermittent claudication in patients with peripheral ischaemia. It is marketed under the brand name Pletal by Otsuka…
Multiple myeloma is a malignancy involving the plasma cells of the bone marrow. It is a rare malignancy, with an estimated yearly incidence of 6.5 people per 100,000,[L40749] and is variable in its presentation - some patients may remain entirely asymptomatic…
The compound, named BILN 2061, is an orally active inhibitor of the HCV NS3 protease and the first member of this new drug class to be tested in humans.
A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits histamine binding to histamine H2 receptors. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits gastric acid secretion, as well as pepsin and gastrins output. It also blocks the activity of cytochrom…
Cimetropium is a semi-synthetic belladonna alkaloid and derivative of scopolamine. It is a potent antimuscarinic and an effective antispasmodic drug. It is also endowed of a direct myolitic action which partially accounts for its antispasmodic activity. It ha…
Cimicoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor being developed by Affectis as a treatment for depression and schizophrenia. If approved, Cimicoxib would be the first drug in decades to treat depression by a new mechanism of action.
Cinacalcet is a calcimimetic sold by Amgen under the trade name Sensipar® in North America and Australia and as Mimpara® in Europe. It is used to treat hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid tumours or renal failure.
Cinaciguat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01067859 (A Phase Iib Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Tolerability of Lower Doses Cinaciguat (25 ?G/h, 10 ?G/h) Given Intravenously to Patients With Acute Decompensated Chronic Congestive Heart Fail…
Used in the treatment of asthma, cinalukast selectively antagonizes leukotriene D4 (LTD4) at the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor, CysLT1, in the human airway. Cinalukast inhibits the actions of LTD4 at the CysLT1 receptor, preventing airway edema, smooth muscl…
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A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 3…
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