Landogrozumab has been used in trials studying the treatment of Advanced Cancer, Muscular Atrophy, and Pancreatic Cancer.

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Lepirudin is a recombinant hirudin formed by 65 amino acids that acts as a highly specific and direct thrombin inhibitor.[L41539,L41569] Natural hirudin is an endogenous anticoagulant found in _Hirudo medicinalis_ leeches.[L41539] Lepirudin is produced in yea…

Leuprolide is a synthetic 9-residue peptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Unlike the endogenous decapeptide GnRH, leuprolide contains a single D-amino acid (D-leucyl) residue, which helps to increase its circulating half-life from three t…

Levodopa is a prodrug of dopamine that is administered to patients with Parkinson's due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier[Label]. Levodopa can be metabolised to dopamine on either side of the blood-brain barrier and so it is generally administer…

Cushing's syndrome (CS) is underpinned by chronic hypercortisolism leading to multisystem morbidity, including effects on the cardiovascular and endocrine systems, metabolic syndrome with accompanying changes in body composition, neuropsychiatric effects, cha…

Levothyroxine is a synthetically produced form of thyroxine, a major endogenous hormone secreted by the thyroid gland.[F4633] Also known as L-thyroxine or the brand name product Synthroid, levothyroxine is used primarily to treat hypothyroidism, a condition w…

Linaclotide is a synthetic 14-amino acid cyclic peptide [A260271] and first-in-class guanylate cyclase-C (G-CC) agonist.[A260271, L47211] Linaclotide is structurally related to human guanylin and uroguanylin, paracrine peptide hormones that are endogenous act…

Lovastatin, also known as the brand name product Mevacor, is a lipid-lowering drug and fungal metabolite derived synthetically from a fermentation product of _Aspergillus terreus_.[A174550] Originally named Mevinolin, lovastatin belongs to the statin class of…

Lusutrombopag is an orally bioavailable thrombopoietin receptor (TPOR) agonist developed by Shionogi & Company (Osaka, Japan). TPOR is a regulatory target site for endogenous thrombopoietin, which acts as a primary cytokine to promote megakaryocyte proliferat…

Lutropin alfa is a recombinant human luteinizing hormone produced in yeast with 2 subunits, alpha = 92 residues, beta = 121 residues. It is a heterodimeric glycoprotein made up of monomeric units. Lutropin alfa was the first and only recombinant human form of…

Macimorelin, a novel and orally active ghrelin mimetic that stimulates GH secretion, is used in the diagnosis of adult GH deficiency (AGHD). More specifically, macimorelin is a peptidomimetic growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) that acts as an agonist of GH sec…

Maropitant, used as maropitant citrate, is a neurokinin receptor antagonist, which was developed by Zoetis specifically for the treatment of motion sickness and vomiting in dogs. It was approved by the FDA in 2007 for use in dogs, and more recently has also b…

Marstacimab is a human monoclonal immunoglobulin G Type 1 (IgG1) antibody produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by recombinant DNA technology.[L51803] It is a tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) antagonist, which is an endogenous anticoagulant.[A26…

Masitinib is a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of mast cell tumors in dogs. It has been available in Europe since 2009, under the brand name Masivet. In the USA it is distributed under the name Kinavet and has been available for veterinaries s…

Mecasermin contains recombinant-DNA-engineered human insulin-like growth factor-1 (rhIGF-1)[FDA Label]. IGF-1 consists of 70 amino acids in a single chain with three intramolecular disulfide bridges and a molecular weight of 7649 daltons. The amino acid seque…

Medetomidine is a synthetic compound used as a surgical anesthetic and analgesic. It is normally found as its hydrochloride salt, medetomidine hydrochloride. Medetomidine is an intravenously available alpha-2 adrenergic agonist. The drug has been developed by…

The use of the plant species _Cannabis sativa_ and _Cannabis indica_, popularly known as marijuana, has gained popularity in recent years for the management of a wide variety of medical conditions as a wave of legalization in North America has changed public …

Melarsomine is a trypanocidal agent marketed by Merial under the trade name Immiticide. It is the only FDA-approved treatment for adult heartworm infection in dogs, however, is is not approved for use in dogs with late-stage infection.

Merimepodib (VX-497) is a novel noncompetitive inhibitor of IMPDH. Merimepodib is orally bioavailable and inhibits the proliferation of primary human, mouse, rat, and dog lymphocytes at concentrations of approximately 100 nM.

Metenkefalin is an endogenous opioid and beta-endorphin.[A203225] It has been shown to reduce chromosomal abberations in patients with multiple sclerosis.[A203210] Metenkefalin, along with [tridecactide], are under investigation as an immunomodulatory therap…

Mifepristone is a progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid …

Milvexian is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03766581 (A Study on BMS-986177 for the Prevention of a Stroke in Patients Receiving Aspirin and Clopidogrel).

Moroctocog alfa, also known as BDDrFVIII (B domain deleted recombinant factor VIII), is a recombinant DNA-based drug with functional characteristics comparable to those of endogenous coagulation Factor VIII, the essential human blood clotting protein that is …

Nabilone (marketed as Cesamet) is a synthetic form of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (??-THC), the primary psychoactive component of cannabis (marijuana). Although structurally distinct from THC, nabilone mimics THC's structure and pharmacological activity thro…

NBI-6024 is an altered peptide ligand that is designed to cause an immune response which result in preservation of beta-cell function and endogenous insulin production.

Nemolizumab is a humanized monoclonal modified immunoglobulin 2 (IgG2) antibody directed against interleukin-31 receptor alpha (IL-31RA),[L51159] which is an endogenous cytokine implicated in the pathophysiology of various skin inflammatory disorders.[A264254…

Nevanimibe is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03053271 (A Study of ATR-101 for the Treatment of Endogenous Cushing's Syndrome).

Norethisterone, also known as norethindrone, is a synthetic progestational hormone belonging to the 19-nortestosterone-derived class of progestins.[A10367] It is further classified as a second-generation progestin, along with [levonorgestrel] and its derivati…

Olodaterol is a novel, long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist (LABA) that exerts its pharmacological effect by binding and activating beta2-adrenergic receptors located primarily in the lungs. Beta2-adrenergic receptors are membrane-bound receptors that are nor…

Orbifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is marketed by Schering-Plough Animal Health and approved for certain infections in dogs.

Osilodrostat is an inhibitor of 11?-hydroxylase (also referred to as CYP11B1), the enzyme that catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of endogenous cortisol.[L12123] It is used to lower circulating cortisol levels in the treatment of Cushing's disease, …

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Paliroden is an orally active neurotrophic, non-peptidic compound that activates synthesis of endogenous neurotrophines. Studies show that use of paliroden increased the rate of formation of both neural progenitors and mature neurons. It is indicated for use …

Palopegteriparatide is a parathyroid hormone (PTH) analog. Palopegteriparatide is a prodrug consisting of PTH(1-34) conjugated to a methoxy polyethylene glycol carrier (mPEG) via a proprietary TransCon Linker.[L51134] PTH(1-34) contains the N-terminal part of…

Panax notoginseng root is a plant/plant extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug.

A synthetic pentapeptide that mimics the actions of endogenous gastrin when given parenterally. It works by stimulating the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor. It has also been used as a diagnostic aid.

Phosphocreatine - or creatine phosphate - is the phosphorylated form of creatine. It is primarily found endogenously in the skeletal muscles of vertebrates where it serves a critical role as a rapidly acting energy buffer for muscle cell actions like contract…

An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis. [PubChem]

Piracetam is a nootropic drug in the racetams group, with chemical name 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide. It shares the same 2-oxo-pyrrolidone base structure with pyroglutamic acid and is a cyclic derivative of the neurotransmitter ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Ho…

Pitavastatin, also known as the brand name product Livalo, is a lipid-lowering drug belonging to the statin class of medications. By inhibiting the endogenous production of cholesterol within the liver, statins lower abnormal cholesterol and lipid levels and …

Poractant alfa is a pulmonary surfactant marketed as Curosurf in the United States and Canada. It is used to treat Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in premature infants with an endogenous pulmonary surfactant deficiency. Poractant alfa is an extract of nat…

Pradofloxacin is a 3rd generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic developed by Bayer HealthCare AG, Animal Health GmBH. It was approved by the European Commission in April 2011 for bacterial infections in dogs and cats.

Prasugrel, a thienopyridine derivative, is a platelet activation and aggregation inhibitor structurally and pharmacologically related to clopidogrel and ticlopidine. Similar to clopidogrel, prasugrel is a prodrug that requires enzymatic transformation in the …

Protein C is an endogenously occurring plasma protein that plays a key role within the coagulation cascade. Protein C is a zymogen, or enzyme precursor, of a vitamin K-dependent anticoagulant glycoprotein (serine protease) that is synthesized in the liver. It…

Protirelin is the pharmaceutically available synthetic analogue of the endogenous peptide thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). It is a tri-peptide tropic hormone, released by the hypothalamus, that stimulates the release of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) a…

Pseudoephedrine is structurally related to [ephedrine] but exerts a weaker effect on the sympathetic nervous system.[A188820,A188823] Both drugs naturally occur in in ephedra plant which have a history of use in traditional Eastern medicine and were first res…

Pyrantel is a pyrimidine-derivative anthelmintic agent for the oral treatment of various parasitic worm infections including ascariasis, hookworm infections, enterobiasis (pinworm infection), trichostrongyliasis, and trichinellosis [L1904]. Pyrantel was in…

Pyridoxine is the 4-methanol form of vitamin B6, an important water-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in many foods. As its classification as a vitamin implies, Vitamin B6 (and pyridoxine) are essential nutrients required for normal functioning of man…

Queuine is a derivative of [7-Deazaguanine]. Bacteria possess the exclusive ability to synthesize queuine, which is then salvaged and passed on to plants and animals. Quantities of queuine have been found in tomatoes, wheat, coconut water, and milk from human…