Pantothenic acid, also called pantothenate or vitamin B5 (a B vitamin), is a water-soluble vitamin discovered by Roger J. Williams in 1919. For many animals, pantothenic acid is an essential nutrient as it is required to synthesize coenzyme-A (CoA), as well a…

An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodila…

Patent blue is aniline dye and it is one of the most common dyes used.[A32573] It is a sodium or calcium salt of diethylammonium hydroxide inner salt.[A32574] It has the chemical designation of (4-(alpha-(p-(diethylamino)phenyl)-2,4-disulfobenzylidene)-2,5-cy…

Patiromer is a powder for suspension in water for oral administration, approved in the U.S. as Veltassa in October, 2015. Patiromer is supplied as patiromer sorbitex calcium which consists of the active moiety, patiromer, a non-absorbed potassium-binding poly…

Pentetic acid, also known as diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), is a synthetic polyamino carboxylic acid with eight coordinate bond forming sites that can sequester metal ions and form highly stable DTPA-metal ion complexes. DTPA, along with its calci…

Pinaverium is a spasmolytic agent used for functional gastrointestinal disorders. It is a quaternary ammonium compound that acts as an atypical calcium antagonist to restore normal bowel function. It is shown to relieve GI spasm and pain, transit disturbances…

Polycarbophil calcium is a synthetic polymer manufactured from the cross-linking of polyacrylic acid with divinyl glycol and a calcium counter-ion. Polycarbophil calcium is a stool stabilizer used to treat constipation. This drug may also be used to help rel…

Potassium is an essential nutrient, like [Calcium] and [Magnesium]. It was identified as a shortfall nutrient by the 2015-2020 Advisory Committee of Dietary Guidelines for Americans.[A186928] Many conditions and diseases interfere with normal body potassium b…

Potassium citrate (also known as tripotassium citrate) is a potassium salt of citric acid. It is a white, hygroscopic crystalline powder. It is odorless with a saline taste. It contains 38.3% potassium by mass. In the monohydrate form it is highly hygroscopic…

Pregabalin is structurally similar to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) - an inhibitory neurotransmitter.[A173995] It may be used to manage neuropathic pain, postherpetic neuralgia, and fibromyalgia among other conditions.[A187190] Although as per the FDA Label …

Propiverine is a widely used antimuscarinic drug with a mixed mode of action in the treatment of symptoms associated with overactive bladder (OAB) [A32576]. Overactive bladder (OAB) is a chronic condition of the lower urinary tract characterized by urinary…

Quisqualic acid is an agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is ob…

Rimtuzalcap is a novel modulator of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels that is under investigation for the treatment of essential tremor.[L38414]

Ronacaleret is a calcium-sensing receptor antagonist.

SKF-96365 is a receptor-mediated calcium entry (RMCE) inhibitor structurally different from other calcium antagonists.[A253132]

Sodium cellulose phosphate is used to treat hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. It has been used to prevent kidney stones. [A31694] This compound is an ion-exchange resin that can not be absorbed by the body. However, it can be used to restore normal intesti…

Sparteine is a plant alkaloid derived from _Cytisus scoparius_ and _Lupinus mutabilis_ which may chelate calcium and magnesium. It is a sodium channel blocker, so it falls in the category of class 1a antiarrhythmic agents. Sparteine is not currently FDA-appro…

ST-101 is a small peptide antagonist of C/EBP? and T-type calcium channel activator. ST101 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Essential Tremor and Alzheimer's Disease.[A260411]

Technetium Tc-99m oxidronate, also known as 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate, is a radiopharmaceutical agent. A radiopharmaceutical is defined as a medicinal formulation containing radioisotopes that are used in major clinical areas for diagnosis and/or therapy.…

Tetraethylammonium is an experimental drug with no approved indication or marketed formulation. The only marketed drug containing tetraethylammonium was a combination drug called Fosglutamina B6, but this drug has now been discontinued. As an experimental age…

Also known as coagulation factor II, thrombin is a serine protease that plays a physiological role in regulating hemostasis and maintaining blood coagulation. Once converted from prothrombin, thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin, which, in combination with …

Tolperisone is an oral, centrally acting muscle relaxant. Its precise mechanism is not completely understood, though it blocks sodium and calcium channels. It possesses a high affinity for nervous system tissue, reaching highest concentrations in brain stem, …

Treamid, also known as bisamide derivative of dicarboxylic acid (BDDA), is a complexing agent that has been found to chelate metal ions, including calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, and zinc.[A225701] This drug has shown regenerative properties and restoration…

Trimetazidine is a piperazine derivative indicated for the symptomatic treatment of stable angina pectoris in patients inadequately controlled or intolerant to first line therapies.[L33015] Trimetazidine has been studied as a treatment for angina pectoris sin…

Tyropanoic acid is a radiocontrast agent used in cholecystography, the X-ray diagnosis of gallstones under the trade names include Bilopaque, Lumopaque, Tyropaque, and Bilopac. The molecule contains three heavy iodine atoms which obstruct X-rays in the same w…

Verapamil is a phenylalkylamine calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of high blood pressure, heart arrhythmias, and angina,[L8791] and was the first calcium channel antagonist to be introduced into therapy in the early 1960s.[A188514] It is a member …

Vidofludimus is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03722576 (Vidofludimus Calcium for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis).

Vitamin D ultimately comprises a group of lipid-soluble secosteroids responsible for a variety of biological effects, some of which include increasing the intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate. With reference to human use, there are 2 mai…

Y-27632 is an inhibitor of Rho-associated protein kinase. It inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation.

YS-ON-001 is a combination of an inactivated purified rabies virus (IPRV) and the PIKA adjuvant (Poly I:C, kanamycin and calcium).

Ziconotide (also known as SNX-111) is a neurotoxic peptide derived from the cone snail _Conus magus_ comprising 25 amino acids with three disulphide bonds.[A202835, L13389] Other such peptides, collectively termed conotoxins, exist, and some have shown effica…

Zonisamide is a sulfonamide anticonvulsant used as an adjunctive therapy in adults with partial-onset seizures.[L42530,L42535] Zonisamide may act by blocking repetitive firing of voltage-gated sodium channels, leading to a reduction of T-type calcium channel…