Reproxalap (previously ADX 102 or NS-2) is a small molecule inhibitor being developed by Aldeyra Therapeutics investigated against dry eye disease, allergic conjunctivitis, noninfectious anterior uveitis, and Sjögren-Larsson syndrome.[L32990] NS-2 has orphan …

Rescinnamine is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used as an antihypertensive drug. It is an alkaloid obtained from _Rauwolfia serpentina_ and other species of _Rauwolfia_.

An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used …

Retifanlimab is a humanized IgG4 kappa monoclonal antibody that binds to the programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1), blocking PD-1 interaction with its ligands, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2). By blocking the PD-1/PD-L1/2 …

Revefenacin is a novel biphenyl carbamate tertiary amine agent that belongs to the family of the long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA). The labile primary amide in the structure produces a "soft-drug" site that allows rapid systemic clearance and minimizi…

Reversin 121 is a hydrophobic peptide chemosensitizer that can reverse P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance.

Reviparin is a low molecular weight heparin which seems to have a better safety profile than unfractionated heparin.[A32019] It is prepared from porcine intestinal mucosa by nitrous acid depolymerization. Reviparin has a molecular weight of 3.9 kDa.[A32021] I…

Reynoutria multiflora root is a plant/plant extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug.

Rezafungin is an echinocandin antifungal drug.[A258393,L45633] Unlike other echinocandins such as [caspofungin] and [micafungin], rezafungin has long?acting pharmacokinetics and a high stability that allows for it to have long dosing intervals maintaining hig…

Producing a broad-spectrum activity against several RNA and DNA viruses, Ribavirin is a synthetic guanosine nucleoside and antiviral agent that interferes with the synthesis of viral mRNA. It is primarily indicated for use in treating hepatitis C and viral he…

Ribociclib is a selective cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, a class of drugs that help slow the progression of cancer by inhibiting two proteins called cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6). These proteins, when over-activated, can enable cancer cells to …

Rice bran is a plant/plant extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug.

Ridogrel is a dual action drug useful for the prevention of systemic thrombo-embolism and as an adjunctive agent to thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. However, there currently are no clinical indications for preferential use of ridogrel over…

Rifamycin is the prime member of the rifamycin family which are represented by drugs that are a product of fermentation from the gram-positive bacterium _Amycolatopsis mediterranei_, also known as _Streptomyces mediterranei_. The parent compound of rifamycin …

Rifapentine is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of tuberculosis. It inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in susceptible cells. Specifically, it interacts with bacterial RNA polymerase but does not inhibit the mammalian enzyme.

Rifaximin is a semisynthetic, rifamycin-based non-systemic antibiotic, meaning that the drug will not pass the gastrointestinal wall into the circulation as is common for other types of orally administered antibiotics. It has multiple indications and is used …

Rilapladib is the third genomics-derived small molecule drug arising from the Human Genome Sciences-GlaxoSmithKline collaboration to enter clinical development. It is a lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) inhibitor. Lp-PLA2 is an enzyme associat…

Rilpivirine is non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) which is used for the treatment of HIV-1 infections in treatment-naive patients.[A31328] It is a diarylpyrimidine derivative.[A31329] The internal conformational flexibility of rilpivirine …

Rimazolium is an experimental analgesic drug [A176186].

Rimonabant is an anorectic anti-obesity drug produced and marketed by Sanofi-Aventis. It is an inverse agonist for the cannabinoid receptor CB1. Its main avenue of effect is reduction in appetite. Rimonabant is the first selective CB1 receptor blocker to be a…

Ripasudil, as hydrochloride hydrate (K-115), is a specifc Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor used for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It was first approved for treatment in Japan in September 2014. This me…

Ripretinib is a kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) that has not adequately responded to other kinase inhibitors such as [sunitinib] and [imatinib]. Ripretinib, also known as Qinlock, is manufactured by De…

Risperidone is a second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) medication used in the treatment of a number of mood and mental health conditions including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.[L12885] It is one of the most widely used SGAs. [Paliperidone], another comm…

Ritonavir is an HIV protease inhibitor that interferes with the reproductive cycle of HIV. Although it was initially developed as an independent antiviral agent, it has been shown to possess advantageous properties in combination regimens with low-dose ritona…

RO7284755 is an investigational cancer drug: it is a PD-1-targeted IL-2 variant antibody fusion protein. RO7284755 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04303858 (A Study to Evaluate Safety and Anti-tumor Activity of RO7284755 Alone or in Combination Wi…

Robenacoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in veterinary medicine for the relief of pain and inflammation in cats and dogs.

Robenidine is identified as a coccidiostat drug, which slows both the growth and reproductive cycles of coccidian parasites. Robenidine is used to control coccidiosis, a lethal infection in poultry which has shown a significant economic burden. Despite the av…

Rocatinlimab is a subcutaneously administered anti-OX40 antibody developed for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. In clinical trials, it has shown significant efficacy and safety compared to a placebo. The drug works by targeting the OX40 …

Rocuronium (rapid onset-curonium) is a desacetoxy analogue of vecuronium with a more rapid onset of action. It is an aminosteroid non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker or muscle relaxant used in modern anaesthesia, to facilitate endotracheal intubation and t…

Rolicyclidine (PCPy) is classified as a dissociative anesthetic agent. It also has hallucinogenic and sedative properties. Because of its pharmacodynamic similarity to the drug phencyclidine (PCP), rolicyclidine was added to the Schedule I list of illegal dr…

Romifidine is a veterinary drug utilized as a sedative primarily in large animals, most frequently horses. It is also used less commonly in a wide variety of other animal species. This drug's chemical structure closely resembles that of clonidine, however, ro…

Ropidoxuridine is a novel, orally available, thymidine analogue and prodrug for IUdR, which demonstrated a survival advantage in Phase II studies in anaplastic astrocytoma, a type of brain tumor.

Ropinirole, also known as _ReQuip_, is a non-ergoline dopamine agonist used in Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome [FDA label], [A174547]. It is manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals. Ropinirole was initially approved in 1997 by the FDA…

Ropivacaine is an aminoamide local anesthetic drug marketed by AstraZeneca under the trade name Naropin. It exists as a racemate of its S- and R-enantiomers, although the marketed form is supplied only as the purified S-enantiomer.[L42140]

Rosa centifolia flower oil is a plant/plant extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug.

Rosemary is a plant/plant extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug.

Rosiglitazone is an anti-diabetic drug in the thiazolidinedione class of drugs. It is marketed by the pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline as a stand-alone drug (Avandia) and in combination with metformin (Avandamet) or with glimepiride (Avandaryl). Like ot…

Rosoxacin is a quinolone derivative antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infection of respiratory tract, urinary tract, GI, CNS and immuno compromised patients. Rosoxacin is known to be effective against penicillin resistant strains and is a single dose …

Rosuvastatin, also known as the brand name product Crestor, is a lipid-lowering drug that belongs to the statin class of medications, which are used to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and manage elevated lipid levels by inhibiting the endogenous prod…

Rotigotine (Neupro) is a non-ergoline dopamine agonist indicated for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) in Europe and the United States. It is formulated as a once-daily transdermal patch which provides a slow and const…

Roxarsone is an organoarsenic molecule added to poultry feed. The addition of this compound to poultry feed improves weight gain and feed efficiency as well as prevent the growth of coccidian parasites. The drug is also approved in the United States for use i…

Royal jelly is an animal extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug.

Rozanolixizumab is a humanized high-affinity anti-human neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) monoclonal antibody (IgG4P) targeting the immunoglobulin G (IgG). Rozonolixizumab itself is an IgG4P, an inactive isotype, to reduce the likelihood of unwanted chain exchange.…

RTP-801i is an siRNA drug candidate designed to inhibit the expression of the hypoxia-inducible gene RTP801. The proposed primary indication for RTP-801i is the treatment of patients with neovascular (wet) Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD or ARMD).

Rucaparib is an anticancer drug and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. PARP is an enzyme that plays an essential role in DNA repair.[A18745] Rucaparib is proposed to work in several PARP-dependent and PARP-independent mechanisms of action; however…

Rumex crispus whole is a plant/plant extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug.

Ruplizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody used as an immunosuppressive drug and is a component of Antova.

Rurioctocog alfa pegol is a pegylated recombinant human coagulation factor VIII or antihemophilic factor. Factor VIII is an essential protein involved in normal blood clotting; thus, a deficient level of functional factor VIII is associated with an elevated r…

RUS 3108 is being developed for the treatment of atherosclerosis, the major cause of cardiovascular disorders such as heart attacks and stroke by Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories. The drug’s Phase I clinical trials have been initiated in Europe to assess safety of …

Ruxolitinib, formerly known as INCB018424 or INC424, is an anticancer drug and a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2,[A229698] which are tyrosine kinases involved in cytokine signalling and hematopoiesis.[A745…