Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common condition negatively impacting the lives of millions of patients worldwide. Due to its urinary symptoms that include nocturia, urgency, and frequency, this condition causes social embarrassment and a poor quality of life.…

Oxymetazoline is an imidazole derivative and a potent, direct-acting alpha (?)-adrenergic agonist with affinity to both ?₁- and ?₂-adrenoceptors.[A215542] Oxymetazoline is available in various formulations with a wide variety of clinical…

Oxyphencyclimine is an anticholinergic drug (trade name Daricon) used in treating peptic ulcers.

Oxyphenisatin acetate is the pro-drug of [oxyphenisatin] (3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-indol-2-one). The FDA withdrew its approval for the use of oxyphenisatin acetate due to safety reasons.[L43942]

A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of atropine. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drop…

P-113D is a novel 12 amino-acid antimicrobial peptide drug derived from histatins, which are compounds found naturally in human saliva. It is being pursued as a potential treatment for cystic fibrosis by Demegen, Inc.

p-Fluorofentanyl is an opioid analgesic being an analogue of fentanyl developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica in the 1960s. p-Fluorofentanyl was sold briefly on the US black market in the early 1980s, before the introduction of the Federal Analog Act which for the…

PAC-113 an anti-fungal, for the treatment of oral candidiasis infections. It is a 12 amino-acid antimicrobial peptide derived from a naturally occurring histatin protein found in saliva. In vitro studies demonstrate that it has potent anti-fungal activity aga…

A combination of [docosahexaenoic Acid] (a natural fatty acid) and [paclitaxel] (an anticancer drug) being studied in the treatment of cancer. It is a type of mitotic inhibitor.

Pacmilimab is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04596150 (Study to Evaluate the Safety and Antitumor Activity of CX-2009 Monotherapy and in Combination With CX-072 in Advanced Breast Cancer).

Padimate O is an active sunscreen agent in cosmetics and over-the-counter sunscreen drug products in concentrations up to 8%, as regulated by the FDA [L2153]. It is a structurally-related compound to [DB02362] that absorbs UV-B rays to prevent photodamage. It…

Pafuramidine, a prodrug of furamidine, currently has orphan status for _Pneumocystis jiroveci_ pneumonia.

Pagoclone is an anxiolytic drug from the cyclopyrrolone family, which is related to other more well known drugs such as the sleeping medication zopiclone. It is one of a relatively recently developed class of medicines known as the nonbenzodiazepines, which h…

Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of risperidone. The mechanism of action is unknown but it is likely to act via a similar pathway to risperidone. It has been proposed that the drug's therapeutic activity in schizophrenia is mediated through a com…

Palm oil is a plant/plant extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug.

Palonosetron (INN, trade name Aloxi) is an antagonist of 5-HT3 receptors that is indicated for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). It is the most effective of the 5-HT3 antagonists in controlling delayed CINV nause…

Palopegteriparatide is a parathyroid hormone (PTH) analog. Palopegteriparatide is a prodrug consisting of PTH(1-34) conjugated to a methoxy polyethylene glycol carrier (mPEG) via a proprietary TransCon Linker.[L51134] PTH(1-34) contains the N-terminal part of…

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP), with an estimated worldwide prevalence of one in 2 million individuals, is an exceptionally rare genetic disorder.[A244920] FOP is caused by a gain-of-function mutation in the ACVR1/ALK2 gene which results in progr…

Panax ginseng fruit is a plant/plant extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug.

Panax ginseng root oil is a plant/plant extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug.

Panax ginseng whole is a plant/plant extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug.

Panax notoginseng root is a plant/plant extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug.

Panax quinquefolius whole is a plant/plant extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug.

Panitumumab (ABX-EGF) is a recombinant human IgG2 monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This drug is an antineoplastic agent. Panitumumab was granted FDA approval on 27 September 2006.[L17663]

Paquinimod is developed for the treatment of SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus), which is an autoimmune disease. The disease affects mainly women of fertile age and progresses in flares with relatively symptom free periods in between. Current treatments of SL…

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a single-chain polypeptide composed of 84 amino acids. Available as Preotact, it is an identical form of human recombinant hormome which produced as a fusion protein undergoeing post-translational processing involving the cleava…

Parecoxib is a water-soluble and injectable prodrug of valdecoxib. It is marketed as Dynastat in the European Union. Parecoxib is a COX2 selective inhibitor in the same category as celecoxib (Celebrex) and rofecoxib (Vioxx). As it is injectable, it can be use…

Paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drug commonly known as Paxil. It has a variety of uses, including the treatment of anxiety disorders, major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and symptoms of menopause, among others.[T653]…

Pateclizumab is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01225393 (A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of MLTA3698A in Combination With a Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drug (DMARD) Compared With Adalimumab in Combination With a DMARD in Patients Wi…

Patisiran is a first in class short interfering RNA for the treatment of patients with polyneuropathy caused by hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis [L4220]. It is marketed as Onpattro which is formulated as patisiran within a liposome envelope for b…

PCLX-001 is a first-in-kind N-Myristoyltransferase (NMT) inhibitor being developed by [Pacylex Pharmaceuticals](https://pacylex.com). Current studies have shown that PCLX-001 works differently than other known cancer drugs and has high activity and positive r…

Peanut oil is derived from _Arachis hypogaea_ which can be found in South America, Mexico, and Centro America. The kernels are consumed roasted but a large percentage is used for the production of vegetable oil. The peanut oil represents about 45-52% of the k…

Pearl (hyriopsis cumingii) is an animal extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug.

Peficitinib has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Psoriasis, Pharmacodynamics, Drug Interactions, Colitis, Ulcerative, and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, among others.

Pegfilgrastim is a PEGylated form of the recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) analogue, [filgrastim].[A187601] The drug is approved for use to decrease the incidence of infection, as manifested by febrile neutropenia, in susceptible…

Peginesatide is a synthetic peptide attached to polyethylene glycol for the treatment of anemia. The polyethylene glycol moiety helps make the drug less immunogenic and prolongs its plasma half-life. Chemically, peginesatide is designed to mimic the pharmacol…

Peginterferon alfa-2a is a form of recombinant interferon used as part of combination therapy to treat chronic Hepatitis C, an infectious liver disease caused by infection with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). HCV is a single-stranded RNA virus that is categorized in…

Peginterferon alfa-2b is a form of recombinant interferon used as part of combination therapy to treat chronic Hepatitis C, an infectious liver disease caused by infection with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). HCV is a single-stranded RNA virus that is categorized in…

PEGylation is a technology for the chemical attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer chains to a broad range of drug substances such as peptides and proteins including antibody fragments; small molecules, and other drugs. [Infergen] is a bio-engineered…

Pegloticase is a porcine recombinant PEGylated uricase indicated for the treatment of chronic gout in adult patients that do not respond to other types of therapies.[L42425] Pegloticase has a similar activity to rasburicase, an enzyme that metabolizes uric ac…

Pegulicianine is an optical imaging agent indicated for fluorescence imaging in patients with breast cancer. It is used following surgical resection of the primary tumor to detect areas of remaining cancer. Pegulicianine itself is a prodrug comprising three m…

Pegvaliase is a recombinant phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) enzyme derived from _Anabaena variabilis_ that converts phenylalanine to ammonia and _trans_-cinnamic acid [A33284]. Both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency approve…

Pegvisomant is a highly selective growth hormone (GH) receptor antagonist. It is used to treat acromegaly. Unlike dopamine or somatostatin analogs (which inhibit growth hormone secretion), this drug actually blocks the hepatic (GH-mediated) production of ins…

Pemetrexed is a chemotherapy drug that is manufactured and marketed by Eli Lilly and Company under the brand name Alimta. It is indicated for use in combination with cisplatin for the treatment of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma whose disease is …

Pemigatinib is a small molecule kinase inhibitor with antitumour activity. It works by inhibiting fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), which are receptor tyrosine kinases that activate signalling pathways in tumour cells.[A193719] FGFRs gained attentio…

Pemirolast potassium is a slightly yellow powder that is soluble in water. It is a mast cell stabilizer that acts as an antiallergic agent. As an ophthalmic aqueous sterile solution, pemirolast is used for the prevention of itching of the eyes caused by aller…

In 2005, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) withdrew approval for pemoline. In March 2005, Abbott Laboratories (Cylert marketer) had discontinued the production of Cylert arguing economic reasons.

Penbutolol is a drug in the beta-blocker class used to treat hypertension. Penbutolol binds both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors, rendering it a non-selective beta-blocker. Penbutolol can act as a partial agonist at beta adrenergic receptors, since it …

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate is the nitrate ester of pentaerythritol that possesses explosive properties. When mixed with a plasticizer, this chemical forms a plastic explosive. It is recognized by the FDA to be a coronary vasodilator in the treatment of hear…

Pentaglobin, also known as IgM-enriched immunoglobulin, falls under a group of polyclonal immunoglobulin preparations.[A220173] It is comprised of [immunoglobulin G (IgG)](https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00028) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) while also being enri…