Eteplirsen is a synthetic antisense oligonucleotide and a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer. It consists of a six-membered morpholino ring replacing the five-membered ribofuranosyl rings found in natural DNA and RNA.[L40015] Duchenne muscular dystrop…

Etesevimab (LY-CoV016, also known as JS016) is a fully human and recombinant monoclonal antibody that targets the SARS-CoV-2 surface spike protein receptor binding domain.[L16651,L16661] Under the EUA granted in February 2021, etesevimab is used in combinatio…

Ethambutol is a bacteriostatic agent indicated alongside medications such as [isoniazid], [rifampin], and [pyrazinamide] in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.[L31743] Ethambutol was first described in the literature in 1961.[A229048] It was developed ou…

A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical prepara…

Ethinamate is a short-acting sedative-hypnotic medication used to treat insomnia. Like many such similar medications, the regular use of ethinamate can result in the development of drug tolerance in a patient. Nevertheless, the medication itself is generally …

Ethiodized oil is used by injection as a radio-opaque contrast agent. The composition of the oil is comprised of iodine combined with ethyl esters of fatty acids of poppyseed oil. And although these esters are primarily as ethyl monoiodostearate and ethyl dii…

Ethotoin is a hydantoin derivative and anticonvulsant. Ethotoin exerts an antiepileptic effect without causing general central nervous system depression. The mechanism of action is probably very similar to that of phenytoin. The latter drug appears to stabili…

Ethyl butyrate is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03202342 (fMRI of Hypothalamic Responses to Taste, Temperature and Glucose).

Ethylenediamine is an organic compound that is used as a building block for the production of many other chemical products. It is also used as an excipient in many pharmacological preparations such as creams. Notably, ethylenediamine is a contact sensitizer c…

A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive. Although etynodiol or ethynodiol are sometimes used as a synonym for ethynodiol diacetate, what is usually being referred to is actually ethynodiol diacet…

Etidocaine is marketed under the name Duranest. It is an injectable local anesthetic during surgery, labor, and delivery. Etidocaine has a long duration of activity, but has the main disadvantage of increased bleeding during oral surgery.

Etidronic acid is a first generation bisphosphonate similar to [clodronic acid] and [tiludronic acid].[A203111] These drugs were developed to mimic the action of pyrophosphate, a regulator of calcification and decalcification.[A1923] Etidronate’s use has decr…

Etiprednol dicloacetate (BNP-166) is a soft corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory properties that has been indicated in the treatment of asthma and Chron's disease. Anti-asthmatic effects were associated with decreased cytokine production in lipopolysaccharid…

Etiracetam is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01137110 (Comparison of Short Duration Levetiracetam to Extended Course for Seizure Prophylaxis After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)).

Etofibrate is a fibrate produced by the combination of clofibrate ester linked to niacin. These components separate in the body slowly allowing for pharmacokinetics similar to controlled-release formulations.

Etoricoxib is a new COX-2 selective inhibitor. Current therapeutic indications are: treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, chronic low back pain, acute pain and gout. Like any other COX-2 selective inhibitor, Etoricoxib sel…

Hemophilia B - also called factor IX deficiency or Christmas disease - is an X-linked genetic disorder resulting in an absence or deficiency of clotting factor IX.[L44176] Clotting factors, including factor IX, are necessary components of the signaling cascad…

Etrasimod is a synthetic next-generation selective Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator that targets the S1P_1,4,5 with no detectable activity on S1P₂ and S1P₃ receptors. S1P receptors are membrane-derived lysophosp…

Etravirine is an antiretroviral agent more specifically classified as a Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI). Etraverine is used clinically for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. On January 18, 2007, the …

Etretinate is a medication used to treat severe psoriasis. It is a synthetic aromatic retinoid. The mechanism of action of etretinate is still incompletely understood although, like retinoic acid, it is thought to interfere with the terminal differentiation o…

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is typified by a chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory microenvironment, driven in part by the excessive infiltration and retention of intestinal-homing lymphocytes.[A244564, …

In the 1960's, alpha-ethyltryptamine (?ET), a non hydrazine reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor, was developed in the United States by the Upjohn chemical company for use as an antidepressant. ?ET was an FDA approved antidepressant under the name Monase. H…

Eucalyptus oil is a distilled oil derived from the leaves of the tree Eucalyptus. It is shown to be effective in reducing pain, swelling, and inflammation via its modulatory effect on the immune response. It is also shown to exhibit antibacterial activity aga…

Eugenol is a naturally occurring phenolic molecule found in several plants such as cinnamon, clove, and bay leaves. It has been used as a topical antiseptic as a counter-irritant and in dental preparations with zinc oxide for root canal sealing and pain contr…

Evening primrose oil comes from the extraction from _Oenothera biennis_ seeds and it is commonly used as an alternative source for omega-6 essential fatty acids. In its composition it presents some fatty acids such as [DB00132] and [DB13854].[A33131] Evening …

Evinacumab is a recombinant human IgG4 monoclonal antibody targeted against angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) and the first drug of its kind. The ANGPTL family of proteins serve a number of physiologic functions - including involvement in the regulation o…

Evocalcet has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hyperparathyroidism and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism.

TH-302 is a novel cancer therapeutic specifically activated under the low oxygen or "hypoxic" conditions typical of solid tumor cancer cells. TH-302 is a nitroimidazole-linked prodrug of a brominated derivative of an isophosphoramide mustard previously used i…

Exametazime is a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical agent commonly used for the preparation of Tc99m Exametazime injection. It acts as a chelating agent for the radioisotope technetium-99m to form a cationic complex. It is used in the detection of altered regiona…

EXT608 is a long-acting PTH derivative under investigation for the treatment of hyperparathyroidism.[L48270]

Ezetimibe is a lipid-lowering compound that inhibits intestinal cholesterol and phytosterol absorption. The discovery and research of this drug began in the early 1990s, after the intravenous administration of radiolabelled ezetimibe in rats revealed that it …

Factor IX Complex is a sterile, lyophilized concentrate composed of a number of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors found in functioning human plasma. Also known as prothrombin complex concentrate, products containing this complex often include Factor IX (an…

Factor XIII (human) is a heat-treated, lyophilized concentrate of coagulation factor XIII, an endogenous enzyme responsible for the crosslinking of fibrin and an essential component of the coagulation cascade [FDA Label]. For people with congenital deficiency…

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Fallypride F-18 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00846040 (Reduced Carbohydrate Versus Fat in Obese Subjects).

Retinal vascular diseases (RVDs) such as diabetic macular edema (DME), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) are typically caused by retinal ischemia and subsequent neovascularization (NV).[A225985, A225990, A225995] Vascula…

A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (Fr…

Faropenem medoxomil is an ester prodrug derivative of the beta-lactam antibiotic [faropenem]. The prodrug form of faropenem offers dramatically improved oral bioavailability and leads to higher systemic concentrations of the drug. Faropenem medoxomil is a bro…

Fasinumab is a human IgG1k monoclonal antibody targeted against nerve growth factor (NGF). It is currently under investigation for the treatment osteoarthritic pain[A241045] and has demonstrated significantly greater pain relief and functional improvement as …

Fecal microbiota, given either as a rectal transplant or in an oral formulation of live spores, is an FDA-approved option to prevent the recurrence of _Clostridioides difficile_ infection (CDI) in patients given an antibacterial treatment for recurrent CDI.[A…

Fedratinib, also known as SAR302503 and TG101348, is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat intermediate-2 and high risk primary and secondary myelofibrosis.[A183176,L8090] It is an anilinopyrimidine derivative.[A183188] Fedratinib was granted FDA appro…

Felodipine is a long-acting 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB)b. It acts primarily on vascular smooth muscle cells by stabilizing voltage-gated L-type calcium channels in their inactive conformation. By inhibiting the influx of calcium in smoot…

A synthetic nonapeptide comprising cysteinyl, phenylalanyl, phenylalanyl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, cysteinyl, prolyl, lysyl, and glycinamide residues in sequence, with a disulfide bridge joining the two cysteine residues. Its antidiuretic effects are less tha…

Fencamfamin (Glucoenergan, Reactivan) is a stimulant which was developed in the 1960s as an appetite suppressant, but was later withdrawn for this application due to problems with dependence and abuse. It is around half the potency of [dexamphetamine], and is…

Dravet syndrome is a pediatric encephalopathy that typically manifests within the first year of life following exposure to elevated temperatures. It is characterized by recurrent pharmacoresistant seizures, which increase in frequency and severity with diseas…

Fenofibrate is a fibric acid derivative like [clofibrate] and [gemfibrozil].[A185954] Fenofibrate is used to treat primary hypercholesterolemia, mixed dyslipidemia, severe hypertriglyceridemia.[L8588,L8591] Fenofibrate was granted FDA approval on 31 Decemb…

Fenofibric acid is a lipid-lowering agent that is used in severe hypertriglyceridemia, primary hyperlipidemia, and mixed dyslipidemia. It works to decrease elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, while…

An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic highly bound to plasma proteins. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.

Fenoxaprop-ethyl (organic nitrate combined with L-arginine), is an oral proprietary nitrate therapeutic shown to induce coronary vasodilation while overcoming the significant problem of drug tolerance. Fenoxaprop-ethyl has been investigated to treat chronic a…

Fenproporex is an orally active stimulant drug, which was developed in the 1960s. It is used as an appetite suppressant and a treatment for obesity. It is listed as an illicit substance in many countries due to addiction issues and listed as a prohibited subs…