Demplatin pegraglumer is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02043288 (Combination Therapy With NC-6004 and Gemcitabine Versus Gemcitabine Alone in Pancreatic Cancer).

Dental pulp is a soft, connective tissue present in the dental crown of both third molar and first premolar teeth. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) exhibit fibro-blast like plasticity and adherent properties. They are harvested through surgical extraction of wi…

Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) is a human enzyme responsible for the digestion of extracellular DNA7[A227723]. It is normally found in saliva, urine, pancreatic secretions, and blood[A227723]. Because of the hypothesis that increased concentrations of high-mol…

Deracoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the coxib class, used in veterinary medicine to treat osteoarthritis in dogs. It is sold in tablets, which have added beefy flavour to increase palatability. Deramaxx received FDA approval in August 2002 …

Desloratadine is a second generation, tricyclic antihistamine that which has a selective and peripheral H1-antagonist action. It is the active descarboethoxy metabolite of loratidine (a second generation histamine). Desloratidine has a long-lasting effect and…

Desmopressin (dDAVP), a synthetic analogue of 8-arginine vasopressin (ADH), is an antidiuretic peptide drug modified by deamination of 1-cysteine and substitution of 8-L-arginine by 8-D-arginine. ADH is an endogenous pituitary hormone that has a crucial role …

Desogestrel, a prodrug, is a third generation progestogen[A176315] and hence, a member of the gonane family which was largely used in Europe before being approved in the US and Canada.[A176339] It was firstly generated from a study that showed that 11-beta an…

Desoxyribonuclease is a crystalline enzyme that aids in the digestion of the thymus nucleic acid. The mechanism of action of the enzyme involves the splitting of thymus nucleic acid into fragments approaching the size of tetranucleotides without the release o…

Desvenlafaxine (O-desmethylvenlafaxine) is the 0-demetyhlated active metabolite of [venlafaxine]. Like its parent drug, desvenlafaxine is also an antidepressant belonging to the class of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class.[A261266,A26126…

Deucravacitinib is a novel oral selective tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) inhibitor. Unlike other Janus kinase 1/2/3 inhibitors that bind to the conserved active domain of these non-receptor tyrosine kinases, deucravacitinib binds to the regulatory domain of TYK2 wi…

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Deuruxolitinib is a deuterated form of [ruxolitinib] that selectively inhibits Janus kinases (JAK) JAK1 and JAK2. Deuteration allows the drug to circumvent extensive oxidative metabolism around the cyclopentyl ring, which increases the duration of the pharmac…

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Deutetrabenazine is a novel, highly selective vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor indicated for the management of chorea associated with Huntington’s disease. It is a hexahydro-dimethoxybenzoquinolizine derivative and a deuterated [DB04844] [A…

Dexamethasone, or MK-125, is a corticosteroid fluorinated at position 9 used to treat endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions.[L10701] Develope…

Commonly known as decadron, dexamethasone acetate is a glucocorticosteroid previously marketed in the USA for the treatment of inflammatory respiratory, allergic, autoimmune, and other conditions.[T797,L10695,L14348] Developed in 1957, dexamethasone is struct…

Dexamethasone palmitate is under investigation in clinical trial NCT05693467 (Preemptive Co-infiltration of Dexamethasone Palmitate With Ropivacaine for Postoperative Pain in Major Spinal Surgery).

Dexchlorpheniramine is the S-enantiomer of chlorpheniramine which is a 1st generation anti-histamine. Dexchlorpheniramine has more pharmacological activity than the R and so is more potent than the racemic mixture.

Dexibuprofen, S(+)-ibuprofen, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is a pharmacologically effective enantiomer of racemic ibuprofen that differs in physicochemical properties. It is proposed to be more pharmacologically active and tolerable w…

Dexlansoprazole is a new-generation proton pump inhibitor (PPI) used for the management of symptoms associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and erosive esophagitis. Dexlansoprazole is the R-enantiomer of [DB00448], which is composed of a racemi…

Dexpanthenol is an alcohol derivative of pantothenic acid, a component of the B complex vitamins and an essential component of a normally functioning epithelium. Dexpanthenol is enzymatically cleaved to form pantothenic acid, which is an essential component o…

Dexpramipexole is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01511029 (Study to Evaluate the QTC Interval in Healthy Volunteers Dosed With Dexpramipexole (QTC = Electrocardiogram (ECG) Interval Measured From the Onset of the QRS Complex to the End of the T Wave…

An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties. Dexrazoxane, the (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane, provides cardioprotection against anthracycline toxicity. It appears to inhibit formation of a toxic iron-anthracycline complex. [PubChem] The Food and Dru…

Dextran is a polysaccharide that differs from others in that its glucose units are joined together 1:6 glucoside links. The main chain of glucose has short branches at frequent intervals which are probably joined by 1:3 and 1:4 glucoside links. The chains can…

Glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) generated during phosynthesis involving water, carbon and sunlight in plants. It is produced in humans via hepatic gluconeogenesis and breakdown of polymeric glucose forms (glycogenolysis). It circulates in human cir…

Dezocine is a partial opiate drug and is used for pain management. Dezocine is a very effective alternative to fentanyl when administered during outpatient laparoscopy, although is associated with an increased incidence of postoperative nausea.

DiaPep 277 is a 24-mer laboratory-made peptide derived from Hsp60(437-460).

A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid activity. It is used in the treatment of severe anxiety disor…

Diazoxide is a non-diuretic benzothiadiazine derivative that activates ATP-sensitive potassium channels.[A255647,L44612] It is chemically related to thiazide diuretics but does not inhibit carbonic anhydrase and does not have chloriuretic or natriuretic activ…

Dibotermin alfa is a recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) derived from a recombinant Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell line [FDA Label]. It is implanted in patients undergoing bone surgeries or those with fractures. BMPs are subfamily of th…

At low concentrations, this compound inhibits reduction of conventional hydrophilic electron acceptors, probably acting as a plastoquinone antagonist. At higher concentrations, it acts as an electron acceptor, intercepting electrons either before or at the si…

Dichloralphenazone is a sedative composed of chloral hydrate and phenazone. It is typically found in combination products Nodolor and Midrin containing [isometheptene] and [acetaminophen] used for the relief of tension and vascular headaches. It is a US Sched…

Diclofenac is a phenylacetic acid derivative and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).[label] NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and-2 which are the enzyme responsible for producing prostaglandins (PGs). PGs contribute to inflammation and pain sign…

Diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate is a UV filter with high absorption in the UV-A range. Minimizing the overexposure of human skin to ultraviolet radiation that may lead to acute and chronic photodamage, diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate is …

An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.

Diethyltoluamide (DEET) is the common active ingredient in many insect repellent products. It is widely used to repel biting pests such as mosquitoes and ticks. Every year, DEET formulations are used to protect populations from mosquito-borne illnesses like W…

Difelikefalin (CR845) is an agonist of kappa opioid receptors (KORs) useful in the treatment of pruritus secondary to chronic kidney disease. KORs were first associated with itching in 1984.[A237610] Further investigations revealed that dynorphins, endogenous…

Difenoxin is a 4-phenylpiperidine which is closely related to the opioid analgesic meperidine. Difenoxin alone is a USA Schedule I controlled drug, as it may be habit forming. However, it is listed as a Schedule IV controlled drug if combined with atropine, w…

Difloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone used in veterinary. As an antibacterial, it presents a broad bactericidal spectrum and its effects are dependent on its concentration. However, it presents a reduced efficacy when compared to other fluoroquinolone ant…

Difluprednate is a topical corticosteroid indicated for the treatment of infammation and pain associated with ocular surgery. It is a butyrate ester of 6(?), 9(?)-difluoro prednisolone acetate. Difluprednate is abbreviated DFBA, or difluoroprednisolone butyra…

Digoxin is one of the oldest cardiovascular medications used today.[A178225] It is a common agent used to manage atrial fibrillation and the symptoms of heart failure.[A178234] Digoxin is classified as a cardiac glycoside and was initially approved by the FDA…

A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.

Dihydrocapsiate is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00999297 (Effect of 4-week Dihydrocapsiate Ingestion on Resting Metabolic Rate).

Dihydrocodeine is an opioid analgesic used as an alternative or adjunct to codeine to treat moderate to severe pain, severe dyspnea, and cough. It is semi-synthetic, and was developed in Germany in 1908 during an international search to find a more effect…

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A ketotriose compound. Its addition to blood preservation solutions results in better maintenance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels during storage. It is readily phosphorylated to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by triokinase in erythrocytes. In combination with na…

Dimehydrinate was first described in the literature in 1949,[A233120] and patented in 1950.[L32995] Early research into dimenhydrinate focused on its role as an antihistamine for urticaria; the treatment of motion sickness was an accidental discovery.[A233130…

Dimethicone is a silicone-based polymer used as a moisturizer in different skin OTC products.[A32462] It is formed by repeated polymeric units of -(CH3)2SiO- with a terminal trimethyl siloxy unit.[L1769] It is currently recognized by the FDA as a skin protect…

Dimethyl fumarate is an agent indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.[A253942,L43752] The mechanism of action of dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis is not well understood. It is thought to involve dimethyl fumarate degradati…

A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during cryopreservation. …