Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, …

Epirizole is an oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for muscle and joint pain.

An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.

Epofolate has been used in trials studying the treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors. Epofolate (BMS-753493) is a folate conjugate of the epothilone analog BMS-748285 that was designed to selectively target folate receptor expressing cancer cells. In Phase I/IIa…

Eragidomide is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04297124 (A Study to Evaluate the Metabolism and Excretion of [14C]-CC-90009 in Healthy Male Subjects).

Eravacycline, known as _Xerava_ by Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals, is a fully synthetic fluorocycline antibiotic of the tetracycline class with activity against clinically significant gram-negative, gram-positive aerobic, and facultative bacteria. This includes m…

In early April of 2019, the US FDA approved Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies' brand name Balversa (erdafitinib) as the first-ever fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) kinase inhibitor indicated for patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial c…

Erlotinib is an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase that is used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and several other types of cancer. It is typically marketed under the trade name Tarceva. E…

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Erzotabart is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04824794 (GEN3014 Safety Trial in Relapsed or Refractory Hematologic Malignancies).

Esaxerenone is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02722265 (Long-term Study of CS-3150 as Monotherapy or in Combination With Other Antihypertensive Drug in Japanese Patients With Essential Hypertension).

Escitalopram is a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) and the S-enantiomer of racemic [citalopram].[A185420] It is used to restore serotonergic function in the treatment of depression and anxiety.[L8513,L8516,L8522] Escitalopram is approximately 15…

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a significant cause of disability worldwide and the most common illness preceding suicide.[L5596,A175462] On March 5, 2019, the nasal spray drug, _esketamine_, also known as _Spravato_ (by Janssen Pharmaceuticals), was appro…

Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is an anticonvulsant medication approved for use in Europe, the United States and Canada as an adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures that are not adequately controlled with conventional therapy. Eslicarbazepine acetate is…

Estradiol is a naturally occurring hormone circulating endogenously in females. It is commercially available in several hormone therapy products for managing conditions associated with reduced estrogen, such as vulvovaginal atrophy and hot flashes. Some avail…

Estradiol acetate is a pro-drug ester of [DB00783], a naturally occurring hormone that circulates endogenously within the human body. Estradiol is the most potent form of all mammalian estrogenic steroids and acts as the major female sex hormone. As a pro-dru…

Estradiol Benzoate is a pro-drug ester of [DB00783], a naturally occurring hormone that circulates endogenously within the human body. Estradiol is the most potent form of all mammalian estrogenic steroids and acts as the major female sex hormone. As a pro-dr…

Estradiol Cypionate is a pro-drug ester of [DB00783], a naturally occurring hormone that circulates endogenously within the human body. Estradiol is the most potent form of all mammalian estrogenic steroids and acts as the major female sex hormone. As a pro-d…

Estradiol Dienanthate is a pro-drug ester of [DB00783], a naturally occurring hormone that circulates endogenously within the human body. Estradiol is the most potent form of all mammalian estrogenic steroids and acts as the major female sex hormone. As a pro…

Estradiol Valerate (also known as E2V) is a pro-drug ester of [DB00783], a naturally occurring hormone that circulates endogenously within the human body. Estradiol is the most potent form of all mammalian estrogenic steroids and acts as the major female sex …

A hydroxylated metabolite of estradiol or estrone that has a hydroxyl group at C3-beta, 16-alpha, and 17-beta position. Estriol is a major urinary estrogen. During pregnancy, large amount of estriol is produced by the placenta. Isomers with inversion of the h…

Estrone, one of the major mammalian estrogens, is an aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone. It is produced in vivo from androstenedione or from testosterone via estradiol. It is produced primarily in the ovaries, placenta, and in peri…

Eszopiclone, marketed by Sepracor under the brand-name Lunesta, is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic drug used to treat insomnia. It is the active stereoisomer of zopiclone, belonging to the class of drugs known as _cyclopyrrolones_.[A179638,L6850] Cyclopyrrolone …

Dimeric fusion protein consisting of the extracellular ligand-binding portion of the human 75 kilodalton (p75) tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) linked to the Fc portion of human IgG1.[L14862,A216522] The Fc component of etanercept contains the CH2 domain…

Etesevimab (LY-CoV016, also known as JS016) is a fully human and recombinant monoclonal antibody that targets the SARS-CoV-2 surface spike protein receptor binding domain.[L16651,L16661] Under the EUA granted in February 2021, etesevimab is used in combinatio…

Ethinylestradiol was first synthesized in 1938 by Hans Herloff Inhoffen and Walter Hohlweg at Schering.[A191107] It was developed in an effort to create an estrogen with greater oral bioavailability.[A191107] These properties were achieved by the substitution…

Ethiodized oil is used by injection as a radio-opaque contrast agent. The composition of the oil is comprised of iodine combined with ethyl esters of fatty acids of poppyseed oil. And although these esters are primarily as ethyl monoiodostearate and ethyl dii…

CTI-01 (ethyl pyruvate) is a novel anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of critical inflammatory conditions. CTI-01 shows a potent anti-inflammatory and tissue protection activity in multiple animal models of disease including pancreatitis, ischemia-rep…

Ethylhexyl methoxycrylene is a photostabilizer that preserves the effectiveness of UV filters by interacting with both the singlet and triplet states [F104]. It returns UV filters to their ground states without absorbing sunlight [F104]. It is used as a solve…

Etidocaine is marketed under the name Duranest. It is an injectable local anesthetic during surgery, labor, and delivery. Etidocaine has a long duration of activity, but has the main disadvantage of increased bleeding during oral surgery.

Etifoxine is an anxiolytic and anticonvulsant drug developed by Hoechst in the 1960s. It is used in anxiety disorders and to promote peripheral nerve healing. It does not bind to the benzodiazepine receptor though the effects are similar to that of benzodiaze…

Etigilimab is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04761198 (A Study of Etigilimab and Nivolumab in Subjects With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Tumors.).

Etizolam is a thienodiazepine which is chemically related to benzodiazepine (BDZ) drug class; it differs from BDZs in having a benzene ring replaced with a thiophene ring. It is an agonist at GABA-A receptors and possesses amnesic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant,…

Etofenamate is used to treat muscle and joint paint. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

Hemophilia B - also called factor IX deficiency or Christmas disease - is an X-linked genetic disorder resulting in an absence or deficiency of clotting factor IX.[L44176] Clotting factors, including factor IX, are necessary components of the signaling cascad…

Etravirine is an antiretroviral agent more specifically classified as a Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI). Etraverine is used clinically for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. On January 18, 2007, the …

In the 1960's, alpha-ethyltryptamine (?ET), a non hydrazine reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor, was developed in the United States by the Upjohn chemical company for use as an antidepressant. ?ET was an FDA approved antidepressant under the name Monase. H…

Eucalyptol is naturally produced cyclic ether and monoterpenoid. Eucalyptol is an ingredient in many brands of mouthwash and cough suppressant. It controls airway mucus hypersecretion and asthma via anti-inflammatory cytokine inhibition. Eucalyptol is an effe…

Eucalyptus oil is a distilled oil derived from the leaves of the tree Eucalyptus. It is shown to be effective in reducing pain, swelling, and inflammation via its modulatory effect on the immune response. It is also shown to exhibit antibacterial activity aga…

Eutrema japonicum whole is a plant/plant extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug.

Evalstotug is under investigation in clinical trial NCT05271604 (A Phase 2 Open Label Study of BA3021 in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck).

Everolimus is a derivative of Rapamycin (sirolimus), and works similarly to Rapamycin as an mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor. It is currently used as an immunosuppressant to prevent rejection of organ transplants. In a similar fashion to other m…

Evinacumab is a recombinant human IgG4 monoclonal antibody targeted against angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) and the first drug of its kind. The ANGPTL family of proteins serve a number of physiologic functions - including involvement in the regulation o…

Evolocumab is a monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of hyperlipidemia by Amgen. It is a subcutaneous injection approved by the FDA for individuals on maximum statin therapy who still require additional LDL-cholesterol lowering. It is approved for b…

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the production of abnormal sickle-shaped red blood cells (called hemoglobin S, HbS) that initiate a pathophysiology resulting in severe pain, progressive multi-organ damage, and premature death.…

Exametazime is a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical agent commonly used for the preparation of Tc99m Exametazime injection. It acts as a chelating agent for the radioisotope technetium-99m to form a cationic complex. It is used in the detection of altered regiona…

Exemestane is an oral steroidal aromatase inhibitor used in the adjuvant treatment of hormonally-responsive (also called hormone-receptor-positive, estrogen-responsive) breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It irreversibly binds to the active site of the enz…

Exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog[L42690]. It activates the GLP-1 receptor and increases insulin secretion, decreases glucagon secretion, and slows gastric emptying to improve glycemic control[L42690]. Exenatide was given FDA approval on A…

Ezatiostat is investigated in clinical trials for treating myelodysplastic syndrome. This compound belongs to the peptides. These are compounds containing an amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation o…

Ezetimibe is a lipid-lowering compound that inhibits intestinal cholesterol and phytosterol absorption. The discovery and research of this drug began in the early 1990s, after the intravenous administration of radiolabelled ezetimibe in rats revealed that it …