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Halaman 103 / 134Plasminogen is a pro-enzyme (i.e. a zymogen) which is cleaved to form plasmin - also known as [fibrinolysin] - as part of the fibrinolytic pathway that breaks down fibrin blood clots.[A236035] This pathway is activated when a clot is no longer needed or to pr…
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Platinum is under investigation for the treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer, Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Gastric Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma, Colorectal Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma, and Pancreatic Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma, among o…
Developed by Achaogen biopharmaceuticals, plazomicin is a next-generation aminoglycoside synthetically derived from [DB12604]. The structure of plazomicin was established via appending hydroxylaminobutyric acid to [DB12604] at position 1 and 2-hydroxyethyl gr…
Plecanatide is a drug approved in January 2017 by the FDA for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC). It should not be used in children less than six years of age, and should be avoided in patients six years to 18 years of age
Plerixafor is a small-molecule inhibitor of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) that acts as a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer.[A7117,L45678] It is used to stimulate the release of stem cells from the bone marrow into the blood in patients with non-Hodg…
Plicamycin is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces plicatus. It has been used in the treatment of testicular cancer, Paget's disease of bone, and, rarely, the management of hypercalcemia. The manufacturer discontinued plicamycin in 2000.
Aplidine is a peptide found in tunicates which shows promise in shrinking tumors in pancreatic, stomach, bladder, and prostate cancers. The specific marine organism is _Aplidium albicans_. Aplidine is also of interest as a potential treatment for some leukemi…
PLN-74809 is a small-molecule that dually inhibits both ?<sub>v</sub>?<sub>6</sub> and ?<sub>v</sub>?<sub>1</sub> to treat both idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)[L31693]. The compound was granted orphan drug designat…
Plozalizumab has been investigated for the treatment of Atherosclerosis. Plozalizumab, a novel humanized monoclonal antibody, specifically targets CCR2 chemokine receptors found on the surface of certain white blood cells including macrophages and monocytes. …
PLX51107 is a potent and selective inhibitor of the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein family.[A257246,A257251] PLX51107 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04022785 (PLX51107 and Azacitidine in Treating Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia o…
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PNT001 is a humanized IgG4 S228P monoclonal antibody targeting the cis conformation of the phosphorylated Thr231-Pro232 motif in tau.
A lignan found in podophyllin resin from the roots of podophyllum plants. It is a potent spindle poison, toxic if taken internally, and has been used as a cathartic. It is very irritating to skin and mucous membranes, has keratolytic actions, has been used to…
Podophyllin is a resin extracted from the roots of _Podophyllum peltatum_ (American mandrake) and _Podophyllum emodi_, which contains numerous compounds, amongst which is podophyllin (as well as the drug [podophyllotoxin]). Podophyllin is the principal active…
Polaprezinc is a chelated form of zinc and L-carnosine. It is a zinc-related medicine approved for the first time in Japan, which has been clinically used to treat gastric ulcers [L1307, L1308]. It was determined that polaprezinc may be effective in pressure…
Polatuzumab vedotin is a CD79b-directed antibody-drug conjugate that delivers monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), an anti-mitotic agent, to cancer cells.[L6658] The drug consists of three components - a humanized immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody speci…
Poliglusam, or chitosan, is a linear polysaccharide consisting of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Naturally-occuring poliglusam is found in the cell walls of fungi, soil and sediments where it is produced from degradation of chitin induced by certai…
Poliovirus type 1 antigen is a suspension of poliovirus Type 1 (Mahoney) used in the active immunization of infants (as young as 6 weeks of age), children, and adults for the prevention of poliomyelitis caused by poliovirus Type 1. The vaccine contains purifi…
Poliovirus type 2 antigen is a suspension of poliovirus Type 2 (MEF-1) used in the active immunization of infants (as young as 6 weeks of age), children, and adults for the prevention of poliomyelitis caused by poliovirus Type 2. The vaccine contains purified…
Poliovirus type 3 antigen is a suspension of poliovirus Type 3 (Saukett) used in the active immunization of infants (as young as 6 weeks of age), children, and adults for the prevention of poliomyelitis caused by poliovirus Type 3. The vaccine contains purifi…
Poloxamer 188 (P188) is a nonionic block linear copolymer that exhibits rheologic, anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective activities in various tissue injury models [A33121]. Composed of two hydrophilic side-chains attached to a hydrophobic ce…
Poly(lactic acid) is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00126308 (Facial Lipoatrophy Trial: Immediate Versus Deferred Injections of Poly-L-Lactic Acid for HIV Facial Lipoatrophy).
Polycarbophil calcium is a synthetic polymer manufactured from the cross-linking of polyacrylic acid with divinyl glycol and a calcium counter-ion. Polycarbophil calcium is a stool stabilizer used to treat constipation. This drug may also be used to help rel…
Polydatin, or Piceid, is a natural precursor and glycoside form of resveratrol with a monocrystalline structure. While it is isolated from the bark of *Picea sitchensis* or *Polygonum cuspidatum*, polydatin may be detected in grape, peanut, hop cones, red win…
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a synthetic polymer produced via polymerization of ethylene oxide molecules to make joining units of ethylene glycol by an ether linkage.[A190975,A190978] PEGs are water-soluble polymers that can form hydrogen bonds in a ratio of …
Polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG 300) is a water-miscible polyether with an average molecular weight of 300 g/mol. It is a clear viscous liquid at room temperature with non-volatile, stable properties [A33116]. Polyethylene glycols are widely used in biochemistry…
Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are products made of condensed ethylene oxide and water that can contain various derivatives and have various functions. Because many PEG types are hydrophilic, they are favorably used as enhancers of penetration, and used heavily …
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Polymyxin B was discovered in the 1940s[A176429]. They are basic polypeptides of about eight amino acids and have cationic detergent action on cell membranes[A176426]. Polymyxin B is used for infections with gram-negative organisms, but may be neurotoxic and …
Polysorbate 20 is a polysorbate-type nonionic surfactant used in many commercial, household and pharmaceutical products. It is composed of 20 repeated units of polyethylene glycol via ethoxylation. Polysorbate 20 is a wetting agent in food products, as well a…
Polysorbate, a substance formulated by the reaction of sorbitan fatty acid ester (a nonionic surfactant) with ethylene oxide, is used in many foreign countries, including the U.S. and the EU, where it acts as an emulsifier, a solubilizer in many foods, includ…
Polyvalent antigen-KLH conjugate vaccine is a multivalent cancer vaccine comprised of the five tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) globo H, GM2 ganglioside, Tn-MUC1, TF, and sTn conjugated with the immunoadjuvant keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). It is under inve…
Polyvinyl alcohol is a water-soluble synthetic polymer obtained by polymerization of vinyl alcohol. It has varying roles in commercial and industrial applications such as papermaking, textiles, and printing. Polyvinyl alcohol is found in ophthalmic solutions …
Ponatinib is a novel Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is especially effective against the T315I mutation for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. FDA approved on December 14, 2012.
Poractant alfa is a pulmonary surfactant marketed as Curosurf in the United States and Canada. It is used to treat Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in premature infants with an endogenous pulmonary surfactant deficiency. Poractant alfa is an extract of nat…
Porfiromycin is a substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called anticancer antibiotics.
Pork Collagen is used within MACI® (autologous cultured chondrocytes on porcine collagen membrane) as an autologous cellularized scaffold product indicated for the repair of single or multiple symptomatic, full-thickness cartilage defects of the knee with or …
Porphobilinogen is a pyrrole involved in porphyrin metabolism. It is generated by the enzyme ALA dehydratase, and converted into hydroxymethyl bilane by the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase.
Posaconazole is a triazole antifungal drug that is used to treat invasive infections by Candida species and Aspergillus species in severely immunocompromised patients.
Posdinemab is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04619420 (A Study of JNJ-63733657 in Participants With Early Alzheimer's Disease).
POT-4 is a peptide that specifically inhibits complement activation and is initially being developed for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The investigational drug was under investigation in clinical trial NCT00473928 (Safety of Intravi…
Potassium is an essential nutrient, like [Calcium] and [Magnesium]. It was identified as a shortfall nutrient by the 2015-2020 Advisory Committee of Dietary Guidelines for Americans.[A186928] Many conditions and diseases interfere with normal body potassium b…
Potassium bicarbonate is a white, crystalline, slightly alkaline and salty substance. It is produced by the passage of carbon dioxide through an aqueous potassium carbonate solution. It is used in medicine as an antacid.[T141] It is registered in the FDA unde…